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Classification of brain activation via spatial Bayesian variable selection in fMRI regression

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  • Stefanie Kalus
  • Philipp Sämann
  • Ludwig Fahrmeir

Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most popular technique in human brain mapping, with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) as a classical benchmark tool for detecting brain activity. Smith and Fahrmeir (J Am Stat Assoc 102(478):417–431, 2007 ) proposed a competing method based on a spatial Bayesian variable selection in voxelwise linear regressions, with an Ising prior for latent activation indicators. In this article, we alternatively link activation probabilities to two types of latent Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRFs) via a probit model. Statistical inference in resulting high-dimensional hierarchical models is based on Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches, providing posterior estimates of activation probabilities and enhancing formation of activation clusters. Three algorithms are proposed depending on GMRF type and update scheme. An application to an active acoustic oddball experiment and a simulation study show a substantial increase in sensitivity compared to existing fMRI activation detection methods like classical SPM and the Ising model. Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Stefanie Kalus & Philipp Sämann & Ludwig Fahrmeir, 2014. "Classification of brain activation via spatial Bayesian variable selection in fMRI regression," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 8(1), pages 63-83, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:advdac:v:8:y:2014:i:1:p:63-83
    DOI: 10.1007/s11634-013-0142-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Smith, Michael & Kohn, Robert, 1996. "Nonparametric regression using Bayesian variable selection," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 75(2), pages 317-343, December.
    2. Håvard Rue, 2001. "Fast sampling of Gaussian Markov random fields," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 63(2), pages 325-338.
    3. Smith, Michael & Fahrmeir, Ludwig, 2007. "Spatial Bayesian Variable Selection With Application to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 102, pages 417-431, June.
    4. A. Brezger & L. Fahrmeir & A. Hennerfeind, 2007. "Adaptive Gaussian Markov random fields with applications in human brain mapping," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 56(3), pages 327-345, May.
    5. I. S. Weir & A. N. Pettitt, 2000. "Binary probability maps using a hidden conditional autoregressive Gaussian process with an application to Finnish common toad data," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 49(4), pages 473-484.
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