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ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СИТУАЦИИ В МЕНЕДЖМЕНТЕ // Problem Situations in Management

Author

Listed:
  • S. Zbrishchak G.

    (RT Group)

  • Светлана Збрищак Георгиевна

    (ООО «Эр Ти Групп»)

Abstract

There is a type of management tasks which have a high level of initial uncertainty, complexity, uniqueness and presence of multiple stakeholders. Management situations are characterized not only by uncertainty conditions, but the presence of social relations arising between members of the organization that makes the process of resolving extremely complex. The process of dealing with such situations requires a correct understanding of the real-life issues and the organization of collective work, because of their complexity. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the importance of initial (prior to the formulation) stage of solving the managerial situation, which is rarely the subject of research. The terms “a problem” and “a problem situation” in management are distinguished on the basis of the concepts of “wicked” problems of H.W. J. Rittel & M.M. Webber, well-structured and ill-structured problems of H. Simon, and other researchers. Two main areas of finding a solution to a problem situation in the initial stages are defined in general terms: the primary data collection about a problem situation and reaching a shared understanding; and coordination of the stakeholders’ positions. These areas derive from the complexity of management situations as mental and social constructions. The process of structuring the problem situation is determined as a process of verbal description translation into the formal problem due to the characteristics of the problem situation. Systems’ approach is proposed for finding solutions as a way of perceiving and understanding the world based on a holistic perception of the situation, and which is designed to simplify the process of thinking and managing complex situations. To deal with problem situations it is suggested to use Problem structuring methods (PSMs) based on modeling that relate to the soft system methodologies. Cognitive maps are considered to be one of the modeling tools. The article attempts to make up for a shortage in the domestic literature and management practices research on the PSM application. В менеджменте существует класс управленческих задач, которые отличаются высоким уровнем начальной неопределенности, сложностью, уникальностью и наличием нескольких заинтересованных сторон. Кроме того, управленческие ситуации характеризуются наличием социальных отношений, возникающих между членами организации, что делает процесс разрешения исключительно сложным, требующим корректного понимания сути реально существующих проблем организации и коллективной работы в силу их сложности. Актуальность данной статьи обусловлена важностью начального (предпостановочного) этапа решения управленческой ситуации, который редко является предметом исследования. В статье проводится разграничение понятий «проблема» и «проблемная ситуация» в менеджменте на основе концепций «трудноразрешимых» проблем Х. Риттеля и М. Веббера, хорошо структурированных и слабоструктурированных проблем Г. Саймона и других исследователей. Выделяются в общем виде два основных направления поиска решения проблемной ситуации на начальном этапе: сбор первичных данных о проблемной ситуации; достижение совместного понимания, согласование позиций заинтересованных сторон. Процесс структурирования проблемной ситуации определяется как процесс перевода вербального описания проблемы в формальное, обусловленный характеристиками проблемной ситуации. Для поиска решения предлагается применить системный подход как способ восприятия и осмысления мира, основанного на целостном восприятии ситуации, и который призван упростить процесс мышления и управление сложными ситуациями. Для разрешения проблемных ситуаций рекомендуется использовать основанные на моделировании методы структурирования проблем (МСП), которые относятся к мягким системным методологиям. Одним из инструментов моделирования являются когнитивные карты. В статье предпринята попытка восполнить наблюдающийся дефицит работ в отечественной литературе и управленческой практике по применению МСП.

Suggested Citation

  • S. Zbrishchak G. & Светлана Збрищак Георгиевна, 2016. "ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СИТУАЦИИ В МЕНЕДЖМЕНТЕ // Problem Situations in Management," Управленческие науки // Management Science, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 6(4), pages 14-23.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:mngsci:y:2016:i:4:p:14-23
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Thomas Frisendal, 2012. "Design Thinking for Business Analysis," Management for Professionals, in: Design Thinking Business Analysis, edition 127, chapter 3, pages 15-24, Springer.
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