IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/vikjou/v48y2023i4p255-268.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Deal Size and Synergy Gains: A Case of Indian M&A

Author

Listed:
  • Anjala Kalsie
  • Neha Singh

Abstract

The article aims to estimate the relationship between synergy gains and deal size of mergers & acquisitions for Indian firms by examining deals that took place between 2005 and 2015. The paper employs principal component analysis to create a composite variable representing operating and financial synergy, followed by instrument variable 2SLS regression to estimate the relationship. The results suggest that small dealsize transactions do considerably better than large deals. The magnitude of financial synergy increases with deal size . However, large companies suffer substantial operating synergistic erosion.

Suggested Citation

  • Anjala Kalsie & Neha Singh, 2023. "Deal Size and Synergy Gains: A Case of Indian M&A," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 48(4), pages 255-268, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:vikjou:v:48:y:2023:i:4:p:255-268
    DOI: 10.1177/02560909231216186
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02560909231216186
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/02560909231216186?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Grinstein, Yaniv & Hribar, Paul, 2004. "CEO compensation and incentives: Evidence from M&A bonuses," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 119-143, July.
    2. Hausman, Jerry, 2015. "Specification tests in econometrics," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 38(2), pages 112-134.
    3. Jha, Raghbendra & Murthy, K. V. Bhanu, 2003. "An inverse global environmental Kuznets curve," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 352-368, June.
    4. Demsetz, Harold & Lehn, Kenneth, 1985. "The Structure of Corporate Ownership: Causes and Consequences," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 93(6), pages 1155-1177, December.
    5. Malmendier, Ulrike & Tate, Geoffrey, 2008. "Who makes acquisitions? CEO overconfidence and the market's reaction," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(1), pages 20-43, July.
    6. Alexandridis, George & Fuller, Kathleen P. & Terhaar, Lars & Travlos, Nickolaos G., 2013. "Deal size, acquisition premia and shareholder gains," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 1-13.
    7. Fluck, Zsuzsanna & Lynch, Anthony W, 1999. "Why Do Firms Merge and Then Divest? A Theory of Financial Synergy," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 72(3), pages 319-346, July.
    8. Agnes Ogada & Amos Njuguna & George Achoki, 2016. "Effect of Synergy on Financial Performance of Merged Financial Institutions in Kenya," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(9), pages 199-207, September.
    9. Erik Devos & Palani-Rajan Kadapakkam & Srinivasan Krishnamurthy, 2009. "How Do Mergers Create Value? A Comparison of Taxes, Market Power, and Efficiency Improvements as Explanations for Synergies," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(3), pages 1179-1211, March.
    10. Gorton, Gary & Rosen, Richard, 1995. "Corporate Control, Portfolio Choice, and the Decline of Banking," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(5), pages 1377-1420, December.
    11. Atul Gupta & Lalatendu Misra, 2007. "Deal Size, Bid Premium, and Gains in Bank Mergers: The Impact of Managerial Motivations," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 42(3), pages 373-400, August.
    12. I. T. Jolliffe, 1972. "Discarding Variables in a Principal Component Analysis. I: Artificial Data," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 21(2), pages 160-173, June.
    13. Asquith, Paul & Bruner, Robert F. & Mullins, David Jr., 1983. "The gains to bidding firms from merger," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(1-4), pages 121-139, April.
    14. Jarrad Harford & Kai Li, 2007. "Decoupling CEO Wealth and Firm Performance: The Case of Acquiring CEOs," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(2), pages 917-949, April.
    15. Jan K. Brueckner, 2003. "International Airfares in the Age of Alliances: The Effects of Codesharing and Antitrust Immunity," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 85(1), pages 105-118, February.
    16. Wu, De-Min, 1974. "Alternative Tests of Independence between Stochastic Regressors and Disturbances: Finite Sample Results," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 42(3), pages 529-546, May.
    17. O'Hara, Maureen & Shaw, Wayne, 1990. "Deposit Insurance and Wealth Effects: The Value of Being "Too Big to Fail."," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(5), pages 1587-1600, December.
    18. Jun “QJ” Qian & Julie Lei Zhu, 2018. "Return to Invested Capital and the Performance of Mergers and Acquisitions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(10), pages 4818-4834, October.
    19. Mahesh Kumar Tambi, 2005. "Impact Of Mergers And Amalgamation On The Performance Of Indian Companies," Finance 0506007, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Moeller, Sara B. & Schlingemann, Frederik P. & Stulz, Rene M., 2004. "Firm size and the gains from acquisitions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(2), pages 201-228, August.
    21. Atul Gupta & Bently Lalatendu Misra, 2007. "Deal size, bid premium, and gains in bank mergers: The impact of managerial motivations," Working Papers 0004, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
    22. Roll, Richard, 1986. "The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 59(2), pages 197-216, April.
    23. Houston, Joel F. & James, Christopher M. & Ryngaert, Michael D., 2001. "Where do merger gains come from? Bank mergers from the perspective of insiders and outsiders," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(2-3), pages 285-331, May.
    24. Asquith, Paul, 1983. "Merger bids, uncertainty, and stockholder returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(1-4), pages 51-83, April.
    25. Healy, Paul M. & Palepu, Krishna G. & Ruback, Richard S., 1992. "Does corporate performance improve after mergers?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 135-175, April.
    26. John Goddard & Philip Molyneux & Tim Zhou, 2012. "Bank mergers and acquisitions in emerging markets: evidence from Asia and Latin America," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(5), pages 419-438, May.
    27. Bauguess, Scott W. & Moeller, Sara B. & Schlingemann, Frederik P. & Zutter, Chad J., 2009. "Ownership structure and target returns," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 48-65, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Andrey Golubov & Dimitris Petmezas & Nickolaos G. Travlos, 2013. "Empirical mergers and acquisitions research: a review of methods, evidence and managerial implications," Chapters, in: Adrian R. Bell & Chris Brooks & Marcel Prokopczuk (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Finance, chapter 12, pages 287-313, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Andrei Filip & Gerald J. Lobo & Luc Paugam & Hervé Stolowy, 2022. "Disclosures About Key Value Drivers in M&A Announcement Press Releases: An Exploratory Study," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 58(1), pages 62-104, March.
    3. Ismail, Ahmad & Mavis, Christos P., 2022. "A new method for measuring CEO overconfidence: Evidence from acquisitions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Yang Zhang, 2018. "Corporate Governance Effects on Risk Management and Shareholder Wealth: The Case of Mergers and Acquisitions," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 4-2018, January-A.
    5. Benjamin Hippert, 2019. "The relationship between announcements of complete mergers and acquisitions and acquirers' abnormal CDS spread changes," Working Papers Dissertations 52, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    6. Alexandridis, George & Fuller, Kathleen P. & Terhaar, Lars & Travlos, Nickolaos G., 2013. "Deal size, acquisition premia and shareholder gains," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 1-13.
    7. Bruyland, Evy & Lasfer, Meziane & De Maeseneire, Wouter & Song, Wei, 2019. "The performance of acquisitions by high default risk bidders," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 37-58.
    8. Alexandridis, G. & Antypas, N. & Travlos, N., 2017. "Value creation from M&As: New evidence," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 632-650.
    9. Renneboog, Luc & Vansteenkiste, Cara, 2019. "Failure and success in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 650-699.
    10. El-Khatib, Rwan & Fogel, Kathy & Jandik, Tomas, 2015. "CEO network centrality and merger performance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(2), pages 349-382.
    11. Martynova, M. & Renneboog, L.D.R., 2005. "Takeover Waves : Triggers, Performance and Motives," Discussion Paper 2005-029, Tilburg University, Tilburg Law and Economic Center.
    12. Li, Xiaoyang, 2013. "Productivity, restructuring, and the gains from takeovers," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(1), pages 250-271.
    13. Dong, Yizhe & Li, Chang & Li, Haoyu, 2021. "Customer concentration and M&A performance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    14. Wagner, Alexander F. & Filipović, Zoran, 2019. "The Intangibles Song in Takeover Announcements: Good Tempo, Hollow Tune," CEPR Discussion Papers 13560, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    15. Kanungo, Rama Prasad, 2021. "Uncertainty of M&As under asymmetric estimation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 774-793.
    16. George Giannopoulos & Ehsan Khansalar & Patel Neel, 2017. "The Impact of Single and Multiple Mergers and Acquisitions on Shareholders¡¯ Wealth of UK Bidder Firms," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(3), pages 141-167, March.
    17. Burns, Natasha & Minnick, Kristina & Smith, Aimee Hoffmann, 2021. "The role of directors with related supply chain industry experience in corporate acquisition decisions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    18. Hu, Nan & Li, Lu & Li, Hui & Wang, Xing, 2020. "Do mega-mergers create value? The acquisition experience and mega-deal outcomes," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 119-142.
    19. Sanjukta Brahma & Agyenim Boateng & Sardar Ahmad, 2023. "Board overconfidence and M&A performance: evidence from the UK," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 1363-1391, May.
    20. Shams, Syed M.M. & Gunasekarage, Abeyratna & Colombage, Sisira R.N., 2013. "Does the organisational form of the target influence market reaction to acquisition announcements? Australian evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 89-108.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:vikjou:v:48:y:2023:i:4:p:255-268. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.