IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/somere/v47y2018i4p872-899.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analyzing Relationships of Necessity Not Just in Kind But Also in Degree

Author

Listed:
  • Barbara Vis
  • Jan Dul

Abstract

Analyzing relationships of necessity is important for both scholarly and applied research questions in the social sciences. An often-used technique for identifying such relationships— fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA)—has limited ability to make the most out of the data used. The set-theoretical technique fsQCA makes statements in kind (e.g., “a condition or configuration is necessary or not for an outcome†), thereby ignoring the variation in degree . We propose to apply a recently developed technique for identifying relationships of necessity that can make both statements in kind and in degree , thus making full use of variation in the data: Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). With its ability to also make statements in degree (“a specific level of a condition is necessary or not for a specific level of the outcome†), NCA can complement the in kind analysis of necessity with fsQCA.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara Vis & Jan Dul, 2018. "Analyzing Relationships of Necessity Not Just in Kind But Also in Degree," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 47(4), pages 872-899, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:47:y:2018:i:4:p:872-899
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124115626179
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0049124115626179
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0049124115626179?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dul, Jan, 2016. "Identifying single necessary conditions with NCA and fsQCA," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1516-1523.
    2. Martin R Schneider & Conrad Schulze-Bentrop & Mihai Paunescu, 2010. "Mapping the institutional capital of high-tech firms: A fuzzy-set analysis of capitalist variety and export performance," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(2), pages 246-266, February.
    3. Hug, Simon, 2013. "Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(2), pages 252-265, April.
    4. Ragin, Charles C., 2000. "Fuzzy-Set Social Science," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226702773, December.
    5. Gary Goertz & Tony Hak & Jan Dul, 2013. "Ceilings and Floors," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 42(1), pages 3-40, February.
    6. Dul, J. & Hak, A. & Goertz, G. & Voss, C., 2010. "Necessary Condition Hypotheses in Operations Management," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2010-019-LIS, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    7. Krogslund, Chris & Choi, Donghyun Danny & Poertner, Mathias, 2015. "Fuzzy Sets on Shaky Ground: Parameter Sensitivity and Confirmation Bias in fsQCA," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 23(1), pages 21-41, January.
    8. Dul, J., 2015. "Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA)," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2015-004-LIS, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    9. Lipset, Seymour Martin, 1959. "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy1," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 53(1), pages 69-105, March.
    10. repec:ucp:bkecon:9780226702766 is not listed on IDEAS
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Beynon, Malcolm & Pickernell, David & Battisti, Martina & Jones, Paul, 2024. "A panel fsQCA investigation on European regional innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    2. Dul, Jan, 2024. "A different causal perspective with Necessary Condition Analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    3. Mohammad Soltani Delgosha & Tahereh Saheb & Nastaran Hajiheydari, 2021. "Modelling the Asymmetrical Relationships between Digitalisation and Sustainable Competitiveness: A Cross-Country Configurational Analysis," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 1317-1337, September.
    4. Pedro Torres & Pedro Godinho, 2022. "Levels of necessity of entrepreneurial ecosystems elements," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 29-45, June.
    5. Messner, Wolfgang, 2022. "Cultural Heterozygosity: Towards a New Measure of Within-Country Cultural Diversity," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(4).
    6. Nebenführ, Miriam, 2024. "The impact of host country institutional factors on international investments," Discussion Papers of the Institute for Organisational Economics 8/2024, University of Münster, Institute for Organisational Economics.
    7. Richter, Nicole Franziska & Hauff, Sven, 2022. "Necessary conditions in international business research–Advancing the field with a new perspective on causality and data analysis," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(5).
    8. Yang, Jialei & Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, Pia, 2022. "Evolving appropriability – Variation in the relevance of appropriability mechanisms across industries," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    9. Ana M. Greco & Georgina Guilera & Laura Maldonado-Murciano & Juana Gómez-Benito & Maite Barrios, 2022. "Proposing Necessary but Not Sufficient Conditions Analysis as a Complement of Traditional Effect Size Measures with an Illustrative Example," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, July.
    10. Mohammad Soltani Delgosha & Tahereh Saheb & Nastaran Hajiheydari, 0. "Modelling the Asymmetrical Relationships between Digitalisation and Sustainable Competitiveness: A Cross-Country Configurational Analysis," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-21.
    11. Yan Zhang & Jiekuan Zhang, 2024. "Examining the complex causal relationships between the digital economy and urban tourist destination competitiveness," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1-28, August.
    12. Jan Dul & Sven Hauff & Ricarda B. Bouncken, 2023. "Necessary condition analysis (NCA): review of research topics and guidelines for good practice," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 683-714, February.
    13. Tóth, Zsófia & Dul, Jan & Li, Chunxiao (Spring), 2019. "Necessary condition analysis in tourism research," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    14. Peng, Benhong & Zhao, Yinyin & Elahi, Ehsan & Wan, Anxia, 2022. "Pathway and key factor identification of third-party market cooperation of China's overseas energy investment projects," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    15. Anfeng Xu & Abu Bakkar Siddik & Farid Ahammad Sobhani & Md. Mominur Rahman, 2024. "Driving economic success: Fintech, tourism, FDI, and digitalization in the top 10 tourist destinations," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
    16. Jon Bokrantz & Jan Dul, 2023. "Building and testing necessity theories in supply chain management," Journal of Supply Chain Management, Institute for Supply Management, vol. 59(1), pages 48-65, January.
    17. Sharma, Anshuman & Dwivedi, Rohita & Mariani, Marcello M. & Islam, Tahir, 2022. "Investigating the effect of advertising irritation on digital advertising effectiveness: A moderated mediation model," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    18. Guoyuan Han & Zhilin Zhang, 2022. "Regional innovation paths selection in complex environments of China: A configurational perspective," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(6), pages 2598-2606, September.
    19. Kumbure, Mahinda Mailagaha & Tarkiainen, Anssi & Luukka, Pasi & Stoklasa, Jan & Jantunen, Ari, 2020. "Relation between managerial cognition and industrial performance: An assessment with strategic cognitive maps using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 160-172.
    20. Cheung, Man Lai & Leung, Wilson K.S. & Aw, Eugene Cheng-Xi & Koay, Kian Yeik, 2022. "“I follow what you post!†: The role of social media influencers’ content characteristics in consumers' online brand-related activities (COBRAs)," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Eva Thomann & Martino Maggetti, 2020. "Designing Research With Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): Approaches, Challenges, and Tools," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 49(2), pages 356-386, May.
    2. Wagemann, Claudius & Buche, Jonas & Siewert, Markus B., 2016. "QCA and business research: Work in progress or a consolidated agenda?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(7), pages 2531-2540.
    3. Alrik Thiem, 2022. "Beyond the Facts: Limited Empirical Diversity and Causal Inference in Qualitative Comparative Analysis," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 51(2), pages 527-540, May.
    4. Bear F. Braumoeller, 2017. "Aggregation Bias and the Analysis of Necessary and Sufficient Conditions in fsQCA," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 46(2), pages 242-251, March.
    5. Sukhov, Alexandre & Friman, Margareta & Olsson, Lars E., 2023. "Unlocking potential: An integrated approach using PLS-SEM, NCA, and fsQCA for informed decision making," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    6. Tomás F. González-Cruz & Dolores Botella-Carrubi & C. M. Martínez-Fuentes, 2020. "The effect of firm complexity and founding team size on agile internal communication in startups," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 1101-1121, September.
    7. Gary Goertz & Tony Hak & Jan Dul, 2013. "Ceilings and Floors," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 42(1), pages 3-40, February.
    8. Dul, J., 2015. "Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA)," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2015-004-LIS, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    9. Herrera, Maria Elena Baltazar, 2016. "Social innovation for bridging societal divides: Process or leader? A qualitative comparative analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 5241-5247.
    10. Tomás Félix González-Cruz & Norat Roig-Tierno & Dolores Botella-Carrubí, 2018. "Quality management as a driver of innovation in the service industry," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 12(3), pages 505-524, September.
    11. Martyna Daria Swiatczak, 2022. "Different algorithms, different models," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 1913-1937, August.
    12. Castelló-Sirvent, Fernando & García-García, Juan Manuel, 2022. "Exploring the language heterogeneity strategies of European think tanks," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    13. Jantunen, Ari & Tarkiainen, Anssi & Chari, Simos & Oghazi, Pejvak, 2018. "Dynamic capabilities, operational changes, and performance outcomes in the media industry," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 251-257.
    14. Federica Nieri & Luciano Ciravegna & Ruth V. Aguilera & Elisa Giuliani, 2019. "Larger, more internationalized, better behaved? A configurational study of em erging market multinational enterprises' involvement in corporate wrongdoing," Discussion Papers 2019/255, Dipartimento di Economia e Management (DEM), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
    15. Rana Mostaghel & Pejvak Oghazi, 2017. "Elderly and technology tools: a fuzzyset qualitative comparative analysis," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 1969-1982, September.
    16. Albort-Morant, Gema & Oghazi, Pejvak, 2016. "How useful are incubators for new entrepreneurs?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 2125-2129.
    17. Ana Tur-Porcar & Alicia Mas-Tur & José Antonio Belso, 2017. "Barriers to women entrepreneurship. Different methods, different results?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 2019-2034, September.
    18. Daniela Cristofoli & Benedetta Trivellato & Alessandro Sancino & Laura Maccio’ & Josip Markovic, 2021. "Public network leadership and the ties that lead," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 25(1), pages 251-274, March.
    19. Kosmidou, Vasiliki & Holt, Daniel T., 2022. "The relationship between family management and performance: A configurational approach in exploring the role of socioemotional wealth and generational stage," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 13(4).
    20. Muñoz, Pablo & Dimov, Dimo, 2015. "The call of the whole in understanding the development of sustainable ventures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 632-654.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:47:y:2018:i:4:p:872-899. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.