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Geographical clusters and social risk factors for suicide in the city of São Paulo, 2006–2015: An ecologic study

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  • Daniel Hideki Bando
  • Ligia Vizeu Barrozo
  • Fernando Madalena Volpe

Abstract

Background: To identify geographical clusters of suicide in São Paulo, Brazil (2006–2015) and to verify the associations of suicide with sociocultural characteristics of its 96 districts. Methods: Spatial scan test was used to detect the geographical clusters. Correlation and multiple regression techniques were used to estimate the association of socioeconomic and cultural variables with suicide. Results: The mean suicide rate was 4.8/100,000. Three clusters were identified which are as follows: one of increased risk in downtown and two of decreased risk in the South and in the Southeast. The mean suicide rate of the high-risk clustered districts (7.99/100,000) presented significantly higher average incomes per household, higher proportion of formally educated, of no religious affiliation, of recent migrants, of all-times migrants and lower proportion of married. The multiple model selected two independent risk factors – people with no religious affiliation (β = 0.182) and of recent migrants (β = 0.278) – and two protective factors – the proportion of married (β = –0.185) and of total migrants (β = –0.075), which jointly explained 58.4% of the variance. Conclusion: Durkheimian social and cultural risk factors for suicide were confirmed. Compared to a previous study period (1996–2005), suicide rates and geographical clusters remained relatively stable in the subsequent decade (2006–2015).

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Hideki Bando & Ligia Vizeu Barrozo & Fernando Madalena Volpe, 2020. "Geographical clusters and social risk factors for suicide in the city of São Paulo, 2006–2015: An ecologic study," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(5), pages 460-468, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:66:y:2020:i:5:p:460-468
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764020918618
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yip, Paul S.F. & Yousuf, Saman & Chan, Chee Hon & Yung, Tiffany & Wu, Kevin C.-C., 2015. "The roles of culture and gender in the relationship between divorce and suicide risk: A meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 87-94.
    2. Andrew Wu & Jing-Yu Wang & Cun-Xian Jia, 2015. "Religion and Completed Suicide: a Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Kyung-Sook, Woo & SangSoo, Shin & Sangjin, Shin & Young-Jeon, Shin, 2018. "Marital status integration and suicide: A meta-analysis and meta-regression," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 116-126.
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