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Hate Speech: A Systematized Review

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  • María Antonia Paz
  • Julio Montero-Díaz
  • Alicia Moreno-Delgado

Abstract

This review focuses on papers on Hate Speech, particularly in legal and communication studies indexed in Web of Science. It analyzes output published in English and in Spanish as well as surveys the predominant disciplines in which these studies are written, their trend over time, by country, and type of document. This research is extended to determine the debates, lines of work of greatest interest, and the theories elaborated. The legal literature is intended to define hate speech and hate crime for the purposes of applying criminal sanctions. From the communication standpoint, the analysis of hate speech in the media is key to understanding the type of message used, its emitter, the way in which the message rallies supporters, and how they interpret the message. Spanish studies mostly fall within the legal area, in which they focus on cases of insult directed at the Catholic religion. We discuss the importance of interdisciplinarity and transversality and propose a mapping of hate speech that lends itself to comparisons between countries to assess measures to counteract their effects.

Suggested Citation

  • María Antonia Paz & Julio Montero-Díaz & Alicia Moreno-Delgado, 2020. "Hate Speech: A Systematized Review," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(4), pages 21582440209, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:10:y:2020:i:4:p:2158244020973022
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244020973022
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. P. Sobkowicz & A. Sobkowicz, 2010. "Dynamics of hate based Internet user networks," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 73(4), pages 633-643, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ghayda Hassan & Jihan Rabah & Pablo Madriaza & Sebastien Brouillette‐Alarie & Eugene Borokhovski & David Pickup & Wynnpaul Varela & Melina Girard & Loïc Durocher‐Corfa & Emmanuel Danis, 2022. "PROTOCOL: Hate online and in traditional media: A systematic review of the evidence for associations or impacts on individuals, audiences, and communities," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(2), June.
    2. Dr. Pedro Garcia-Guirao, 2021. "The Language Impact of COVID-19 in the Spanish Online Press: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Hate Speech," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4B), pages 756-770.
    3. Joëlle Ninon Albrecht & Jérôme Endrass & Michal Sonja Dreifuss & Nina Schnyder & Astrid Rossegger, 2024. "Prevalence and Impact of Hate Speech among Politicians in Switzerland," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Lazaros Vrysis & Nikolaos Vryzas & Rigas Kotsakis & Theodora Saridou & Maria Matsiola & Andreas Veglis & Carlos Arcila-Calderón & Charalampos Dimoulas, 2021. "A Web Interface for Analyzing Hate Speech," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, March.
    5. Antonio Sandu & Polixenia Nistor, 2020. "The Effects of Mass-Media on Social Behavior, Emotions and Cognitions," Logos Universalitate Mentalitate Educatie Noutate - Sectiunea Stiinte Politice si Studii Europene/ Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty - Section: Political Sciences and European Studies, Editura Lumen, Department of Economics, vol. 6(2), pages 32-37, December.

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