IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/joupea/v58y2021i4p849-858.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Frozen conflicts in world politics: A new dataset

Author

Listed:
  • Kamil Christoph Klosek
  • VojtÄ›ch Bahenský
  • Michal Smetana
  • Jan Ludvík

    (Peace Research Center Prague, Department of Security Studies, 37740Charles University)

Abstract

This article introduces the first comprehensive dataset of frozen conflicts in world politics. It draws on a new, broader conceptualization of frozen conflicts that revolves around an unresolved core issue between the warring parties and transcends the common understanding of frozen conflicts as a recent, post-Soviet phenomenon. The authors identify 42 cases of such conflicts between 1946 and 2011 that include conflict dyads involving both regular states and ‘de facto states’. The article describes the process of dataset construction, presents summary statistics, and identifies key patterns concerning conflict onset, escalation, and resolution. In addition, it provides a comparison of the dataset with enduring rivalries and strategic rivalries to situate it within existing research on conflict escalation and conflict resolution. The dataset is presented in a cross-sectional format compatible with the Correlates of War and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program that can be used by other researchers in peace and conflict studies to provide new insights into the dynamics of frozen conflicts.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamil Christoph Klosek & VojtÄ›ch Bahenský & Michal Smetana & Jan Ludvík, 2021. "Frozen conflicts in world politics: A new dataset," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 58(4), pages 849-858, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:joupea:v:58:y:2021:i:4:p:849-858
    DOI: 10.1177/0022343320929726
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343320929726
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0022343320929726?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Elena Pokalova, 2015. "Conflict Resolution in Frozen Conflicts: Timing in Nagorno-Karabakh," Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(1), pages 68-85, January.
    2. Kristian S. Gleditsch & Michael D. Ward, 1999. "A revised list of independent states since the congress of Vienna," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 393-413, October.
    3. Adrian Florea, 2014. "De Facto States in International Politics (1945--2011): A New Data Set," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(5), pages 788-811, October.
    4. Sumit Ganguly & Michal Smetana & Sannia Abdullah & Ales Karmazin, 2019. "India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir dispute: unpacking the dynamics of a South Asian frozen conflict," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 129-143, March.
    5. Cory Welt, 2010. "The Thawing of a Frozen Conflict: The Internal Security Dilemma and the 2004 Prelude to the Russo-Georgian War," Europe-Asia Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 62(1), pages 63-97.
    6. Ondrej Ditrych, 2019. "Georgia’s frosts: ethnopolitical conflict as assemblage," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 47-67, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Agustín Goenaga & Oriol Sabaté & Jan Teorell, 2023. "The state does not live by warfare alone: War and revenue in the long nineteenth century," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 393-418, April.
    2. Elisabeth Gilmore & Nils Petter Gleditsch & Päivi Lujala & Jan Ketil Rod, 2005. "Conflict Diamonds: A New Dataset," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 22(3), pages 257-272, July.
    3. Martin Gassebner & Jerg Gutmann & Stefan Voigt, 2016. "When to expect a coup d’état? An extreme bounds analysis of coup determinants," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 169(3), pages 293-313, December.
    4. J. Joseph Hewitt, 2003. "Dyadic Processes and International Crises," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 47(5), pages 669-692, October.
    5. Päivi Lujala & Jan Ketil Rod & Nadja Thieme, 2007. "Fighting over Oil: Introducing a New Dataset," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 24(3), pages 239-256, July.
    6. Andrew Shaver & David B. Carter & Tsering Wangyal Shawa, 2019. "Terrain ruggedness and land cover: Improved data for most research designs," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 36(2), pages 191-218, March.
    7. Paul Lorenzo Johnson & Ches Thurber, 2020. "The Security-Force Ethnicity (SFE) Project: Introducing a new dataset," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 37(1), pages 106-129, January.
    8. Ondrej Ditrych, 2019. "Georgia’s frosts: ethnopolitical conflict as assemblage," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 47-67, March.
    9. Guy Schvitz & Luc Girardin & Seraina Rüegger & Nils B. Weidmann & Lars-Erik Cederman & Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, 2022. "Mapping the International System, 1886-2019: The CShapes 2.0 Dataset," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 66(1), pages 144-161, January.
    10. Goertz, Gary & Powers, Kathy, 2014. "Regional governance: The evolution of a new institutional form," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Global Governance SP IV 2014-106, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    11. Jo Reynaerts & Jakob Vanschoonbeek, 2022. "The economics of state fragmentation: Assessing the economic impact of secession," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(1), pages 82-115, January.
    12. World Bank & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2017. "A Step Ahead," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 27527.
    13. Douglas Lemke & William Reed, 2001. "The Relevance of Politically Relevant Dyads," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 45(1), pages 126-144, February.
    14. Oguzhan Turkoglu, 2022. "Supporting rebels and hosting refugees: Explaining the variation in refugee flows in civil conflicts," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 59(2), pages 136-149, March.
    15. Hilde Ravlo & Nils Petter Gleditsch & Han Dorussen, 2003. "Colonial War and the Democratic Peace," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 47(4), pages 520-548, August.
    16. Dar, Aehsan Ahmad & Deb, Sibnath, 2020. "Psychological distress among young adults exposed to armed conflict in Kashmir," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    17. Michal Smetana & Jan Ludvík, 2019. "Between war and peace: a dynamic reconceptualization of “frozen conflicts”," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 1-14, March.
    18. Kristian Skrede Gleditsch & Steve Pickering, 2014. "Wars are becoming less frequent: a response to Harrison and Wolf," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 67(1), pages 214-230, February.
    19. Marit Brochmann & Jan Ketil Rød & Nils Petter Gleditsch, 2012. "International Borders and Conflict Revisited," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 29(2), pages 170-194, April.
    20. Päivi Lujala & Nils Petter Gleditsch & Elisabeth Gilmore, 2005. "A Diamond Curse?," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 49(4), pages 538-562, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:joupea:v:58:y:2021:i:4:p:849-858. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.prio.no/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.