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Increasing the Degrees of Freedom in Future Group Randomized Trials

Author

Listed:
  • Jonathan L. Blitstein

    (RTI International)

  • David M. Murray

    (University of Memphis)

  • Peter J. Hannan

    (University of Minnesota)

  • William R. Shadish

    (University of California, Merced)

Abstract

This article builds on the previous article by Blitstein et al. (2005), which showed how external estimates of intraclass correlation can be used to improve the precision for the analysis of an existing group randomized trial. The authors extend that work to sample size estimation and power analysis for future group-randomized trials. Often this approach will allow a smaller study than would otherwise be possible without sacrificing statistical power. Such studies are needed, for example, as pilot studies to help plan for a full-scale efficacy trial, as replication studies, or in situations in which resource constraints prohibit a larger trial. The authors discuss the circumstances under which this strategy will be most helpful and the risks associated with conducting smaller studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan L. Blitstein & David M. Murray & Peter J. Hannan & William R. Shadish, 2005. "Increasing the Degrees of Freedom in Future Group Randomized Trials," Evaluation Review, , vol. 29(3), pages 268-286, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:evarev:v:29:y:2005:i:3:p:268-286
    DOI: 10.1177/0193841X04273258
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Varnell, S.P. & Murray, D.M. & Janega, J.B. & Blitstein, J.L., 2004. "Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials: A Review of Recent Practices," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(3), pages 393-399.
    2. Oakes, J. Michael, 2004. "The (mis)estimation of neighborhood effects: causal inference for a practicable social epidemiology," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 58(10), pages 1929-1952, May.
    3. Forster, J.L. & Murray, D.M. & Wolfson, M. & Blaine, T.M. & Wagenaar, A.C. & Hennrikus, D.J., 1998. "The effects of community policies to reduce youth access to tobacco," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(8), pages 1193-1198.
    4. Murray, D.M. & Varnell, S.P. & Blitstein, J.L., 2004. "Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials: A Review of Recent Methodological Developments," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(3), pages 423-432.
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