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A Thousand Years of Energy Use in the United Kingdom

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  • Roger Fouquet
  • Peter J.G. Pearson

Abstract

This paper examines the evolution of energy use and its influences in the United Kingdom over the very long run by combining economic literature and statistical information. The paper argues that the provision of energy services, mainly heat and power, is bound by the tensions between a changing growth rate and structure of economic activity and the constraints of energetic resources. After periods of tension, energy price differentials, as well as the diffusion of technological innovation and the development of new fuels, led to new mixes of energy sources to supply heat and power. This paper identifies three major changes that characterise the history of UK energy use: first, the dramatic increase in per capita energy use; second, the shift in methods of supplying energy services, from biomass sources to fossil fuels, from coal to petroleum to natural gas, and from raw forms to more value-added energy sources; and, third, the replacing of direct methods of generating power, from animate sources, wind and water, by the use of mechanical and electrical methods, which have so far depended mainly on fossil fuels. These changes were instrumental in influencing the relationship between GDP and energy use, and also the levels of environmental pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Roger Fouquet & Peter J.G. Pearson, 1998. "A Thousand Years of Energy Use in the United Kingdom," The Energy Journal, , vol. 19(4), pages 1-41, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:enejou:v:19:y:1998:i:4:p:1-41
    DOI: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol19-No4-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. John Langdon, 1991. "Water-mills and windmills in the west midlands, 1086-1500," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 44(3), pages 424-444, August.
    2. M. E. Falkus, 1967. "The British Gas Industry before 1850," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 20(3), pages 494-508, December.
    3. Cowan, Robin, 1990. "Nuclear Power Reactors: A Study in Technological Lock-in," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(3), pages 541-567, September.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy use; UK; GDP; economic history; economic development; technology diffusion; pollution;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General

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