IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/ausman/v9y1984i1p63-118.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Australian Takeovers: Capital Market Efficiency and Shareholder Risk and Return

Author

Listed:
  • Terry S. Walter

    (Department of Accounting, University of New South Wales. This paper is drawn from my Ph.D. thesis at the University of Western Australia. The study was inspired by Professor Philip Brown whose comments and encouragement are gratefully acknowledged. The comments of participants at workshops at the Australian Graduate School of Management, the University of Queensland and the University of Western Australia and those of examiners and a reviewer are also acknowledged, in particular R. Ball, P. Dodd, G. Foster, F. Finn and R. Officer. The usual exclusions apply.)

Abstract

This paper explains the share market's response to Australian takeover bids. Both successful and unsuccessful bids are considered. Two issues are addressed. Firstly, takeovers are viewed in terms of corporate investment decisions; the profitability of these decisions to the offeree and to the offeror are investigated. Secondly, takeover bids are seen as a valuable source of information relevant to the determination of a firm's share market capitalisation. The adjustment of share prices to this information source is studied within the context of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis. The results indicate that offeree shareholder returns are normal or below normal prior to a bid; whereas offerors exhibit above average returns. When a bid is made, offeree shareholders typically receive significant positive excess returns; whereas offeror shareholders gain no additional benefit. Australian share markets are confirmed to be semi-strong efficient in the Fama sense, namely that information made public during takeover negotiations is rapidly and without bias incorporated into share prices.

Suggested Citation

  • Terry S. Walter, 1984. "Australian Takeovers: Capital Market Efficiency and Shareholder Risk and Return," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 9(1), pages 63-118, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:ausman:v:9:y:1984:i:1:p:63-118
    DOI: 10.1177/031289628400900105
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/031289628400900105
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/031289628400900105?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beaver, William & Manegold, James, 1975. "The Association between Market-Determined and Accounting-Determined Measures of Systematic Risk: Some Further Evidence," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(2), pages 231-284, June.
    2. Lintner, John, 1971. "Expectations, Mergers and Equilibrium in Purely Competitive Securities Markets," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 61(2), pages 101-111, May.
    3. Dimson, Elroy, 1979. "Risk measurement when shares are subject to infrequent trading," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 197-226, June.
    4. Fama, Eugene F, 1970. "Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 383-417, May.
    5. Ralph L. Nelson, 1959. "Merger Movements in American Industry, 1895-1956," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number nels59-1.
    6. Gonedes, Nicholas J., 1973. "Evidence on the Information Content of Accounting Numbers: Accounting-based and Market-based Estimates of Systematic Risk," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 8(3), pages 407-443, June.
    7. Ray Ball & Philip Brown & Frank J. Finn, 1977. "Share Capitalization Changes, Information, And the Australian Equity Market," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 2(2), pages 105-125, October.
    8. Roll, Richard, 1977. "A critique of the asset pricing theory's tests Part I: On past and potential testability of the theory," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 129-176, March.
    9. Officer, R. R., 1975. "Seasonality in Australian capital markets : Market efficiency and empirical issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 29-51, March.
    10. Douglas Kuehn, 1975. "Takeovers and the Theory of the Firm," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-1-349-02169-7, December.
    11. Grossman, Sanford J, 1976. "On the Efficiency of Competitive Stock Markets Where Trades Have Diverse Information," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 31(2), pages 573-585, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Patricia Dechow, 1987. "The Share Market's Assessment of Initial Acquisitions by Seven Controversial Investors," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 12(1), pages 23-48, June.
    2. Hoa Luong & Abeyratna Gunasekarage & Syed Shams, 2021. "CEO pay slice and acquisitions in Australia: the role of tournament incentives," International Journal of Managerial Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 18(5), pages 833-868, September.
    3. Ross A. Maller & Rosemary Tan & Mark Vyver, 2002. "How Might Companies Value ESOs?," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 12(26), pages 11-24, March.
    4. Karen Benson & Millicent Chang & Philip Gray & Sue Wright, 2019. "The enduring and evolving influence of Ball and Brown (1968)," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 44(1), pages 153-159, February.
    5. Steve Bishop & Peter Dodd, 1987. "Partial Takeovers: Are They Coercive?," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 12(1), pages 9-22, June.
    6. Elaine Hutson & Graham Partington, 1994. "Takeover Bids, Share Prices, and the Expected Value Hypothesis," Working Paper Series 36, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney.
    7. Joshua Porter & Harminder Singh, 2010. "What Factors Drive Takeovers in Australia?," International Journal of Business and Economics, School of Management Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, vol. 9(2), pages 87-103, August.
    8. Martin Bugeja & Vinay Patel & Terry Walter, 2015. "The microstructure of Australian takeover announcements," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 40(1), pages 161-188, February.
    9. Otchere, Isaac & Ip, Edwina, 2006. "Intra-industry effects of completed and cancelled cross border acquisitions in Australia: A test of the acquisition probability hypothesis," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 209-230, April.
    10. Firth, Michael, 1997. "Takeovers in New Zealand: Motives, stockholder returns, and executive share ownership," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 5(4), pages 419-440, September.
    11. Steven R. Bishop, 1991. "Pre-Bid Acquisitions and Substantial Shareholder Notices," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 16(1), pages 1-33, June.
    12. Grant Fleming, 2003. "Corporate Governance in Australia," Agenda - A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform, Australian National University, College of Business and Economics, School of Economics, vol. 10(3), pages 195-212.
    13. Winson Chan & David Emanuel, 2011. "Board governance and acquirers’ returns: A study of Australian acquisitions," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 36(2), pages 174-199, August.
    14. Shams, Syed M.M. & Gunasekarage, Abeyratna & Colombage, Sisira R.N., 2013. "Does the organisational form of the target influence market reaction to acquisition announcements? Australian evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 89-108.
    15. Faff, Robert & Prasadh, Shyaam & Shams, Syed, 2019. "Merger and acquisition research in the Asia-Pacific region: A review of the evidence and future directions," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 267-278.
    16. Don Anderson & Andrea Haynes & Richard Heaney, 1994. "Company Takeovers and Equity Returns: The Target Size Effect," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 19(1), pages 1-30, June.
    17. Lien Duong & Izan H. Y. Izan, 2012. "Consequences of Riding Takeover Waves: A ustralian Evidence," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 12(4), pages 399-434, December.
    18. Philip Brown & Andrew Horin, 1986. "Assessing Competition in The Market for Corporate Control: Australian Evidence," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 11(1), pages 23-50, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Getmansky, Mila & Lo, Andrew W. & Makarov, Igor, 2004. "An econometric model of serial correlation and illiquidity in hedge fund returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(3), pages 529-609, December.
    2. Linnenluecke, Martina K. & Chen, Xiaoyan & Ling, Xin & Smith, Tom & Zhu, Yushu, 2017. "Research in finance: A review of influential publications and a research agenda," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 188-199.
    3. Ryan Bartens & Shakill Hassan, 2010. "Value, size and momentum portfolios in real time: the cross section of South African stocks," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 35(2), pages 181-202, August.
    4. Amit Goyal, 2012. "Empirical cross-sectional asset pricing: a survey," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 26(1), pages 3-38, March.
    5. Cederburg, Scott & O’Doherty, Michael S., 2015. "Asset-pricing anomalies at the firm level," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 186(1), pages 113-128.
    6. Don Anderson & Andrea Haynes & Richard Heaney, 1994. "Company Takeovers and Equity Returns: The Target Size Effect," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 19(1), pages 1-30, June.
    7. Turan G. Bali & Robert F. Engle & Yi Tang, 2017. "Dynamic Conditional Beta Is Alive and Well in the Cross Section of Daily Stock Returns," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(11), pages 3760-3779, November.
    8. J. Sarmiento-Sabogal & M. Sadeghi, 2015. "Estimating the cost of equity for private firms using accounting fundamentals," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(3), pages 288-301, January.
    9. Nuzzo, Simone & Morone, Andrea, 2017. "Asset markets in the lab: A literature review," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(C), pages 42-50.
    10. Tim Bollerslev & Sophia Zhengzi Li & Viktor Todorov, 2014. "Roughing up Beta: Continuous vs. Discontinuous Betas, and the Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns," CREATES Research Papers 2014-48, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    11. Mohamed Chikhi & Anne Péguin-Feissolle & Michel Terraza, 2013. "SEMIFARMA-HYGARCH Modeling of Dow Jones Return Persistence," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 41(2), pages 249-265, February.
    12. Lawrence Choo & Todd R. Kaplan & Ro’i Zultan, 2019. "Information aggregation in Arrow–Debreu markets: an experiment," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 22(3), pages 625-652, September.
    13. Groh, Alexander P. & Gottschalg, Oliver, 2009. "The opportunity cost of capital of US buyouts," IESE Research Papers D/780, IESE Business School.
    14. Patrick J. Kelly, 2014. "Information Efficiency and Firm-Specific Return Variation," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 4(04), pages 1-44.
    15. Ray Ball & Philip Brown & R. R. Officer, 1976. "Asset Pricing in the Australian Industrial Equity Market," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 1(1), pages 1-32, April.
    16. Schwert, G. William, 1996. "Markup pricing in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 153-192, June.
    17. Emm, Ekaterina E. & Gay, Gerald D. & Ma, Han & Ren, Honglin, 2021. "The rise and breakup of the commodity exchange membership: An analysis of CBOT seat prices," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    18. Fernando Rubio, 2005. "Estrategias Cuantitativas De Valor Y Retornos Por Accion De Largo," Finance 0503029, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Bertrand Maillet & Thierry Michel, 2000. "Further insights on the puzzle of technical analysis profitability," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(2), pages 196-224.
    20. Giancarlo Corsetti & Romain Lafarguette & Arnaud Mehl, 2019. "Fast Trading and the Virtue of Entropy: Evidence from the Foreign Exchange Market," Discussion Papers 1914, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:ausman:v:9:y:1984:i:1:p:63-118. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.agsm.edu.au .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.