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Educational Achievement Gaps between Immigrant and Native Students in Two “New†Immigration Countries

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  • Davide Azzolini
  • Philipp Schnell
  • John R. B. Palmer

Abstract

The authors use 2009 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data to determine how immigrant children in Italy and Spain compare with native students in reading and mathematics skills. Drawing on the vast empirical literature in countries with traditionally high rates of immigration, the authors test the extent to which the most well-established patterns and hypotheses of immigrant/native educational achievement gaps also apply to these comparatively “new†immigration countries. The authors find that both first- and second-generation immigrant students underperform natives in both countries. Although socioeconomic background and language skills contribute to the explanation of achievement gaps, significant differences remain within the countries even after controlling for those variables. While modeling socioeconomic background reduces the observed gaps to a very similar extent in both countries, language spoken at home is more strongly associated with achievement gaps in Italy. School-type differentiation, such as tracking in Italy and school ownership in Spain, do not reduce immigrant/native gaps, although in Italy tracking is strongly associated with immigrant students’ test scores.

Suggested Citation

  • Davide Azzolini & Philipp Schnell & John R. B. Palmer, 2012. "Educational Achievement Gaps between Immigrant and Native Students in Two “New†Immigration Countries," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 643(1), pages 46-77, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:anname:v:643:y:2012:i:1:p:46-77
    DOI: 10.1177/0002716212441590
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Schnepf, Sylke V., 2008. "Inequality of Learning amongst Immigrant Children in Industrialised Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 3337, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Schnepf, Sylke V., 2004. "How Different Are Immigrants? A Cross-Country and Cross-Survey Analysis of Educational Achievement," IZA Discussion Papers 1398, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Christian Dustmann & Tommaso Frattini & Gianandrea Lanzara, 2012. "Educational achievement of second-generation immigrants: an international comparison [The economic situation of first and second-generation immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 27(69), pages 143-185.
    4. Giuseppe Bertola & Daniele Checchi & Veruska Oppedisano, 2007. "Private School Quality in Italy," Giornale degli Economisti, GDE (Giornale degli Economisti e Annali di Economia), Bocconi University, vol. 66(3), pages 375-400, November.
    5. Claudia Lahaie, 2008. "School Readiness of Children of Immigrants: Does Parental Involvement Play a Role?," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 89(3), pages 684-705, September.
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    9. repec:pri:cmgdev:wp1002.pdf is not listed on IDEAS
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    3. Francesco Schirripa Spagnolo & Nicola Salvati & Antonella D’Agostino & Ides Nicaise, 2020. "The use of sampling weights in M‐quantile random‐effects regression: an application to Programme for International Student Assessment mathematics scores," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 69(4), pages 991-1012, August.

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