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Retraites et évolutions démographiques en France. Première partie : Le long terme

Author

Listed:
  • Sandrine Cazes
  • Thierry Chauveau
  • Jacques Le Cacheux
  • Rahim Loufir

Abstract

[fre] Face au vieillissement probable de la population française au cours des prochaines décennies, les perspectives de financement de l'actuel régime public de retraite par répartition sont relativement sombres. Si la tendance à la stagnation de la population française se confirme, des choix devront être faits entre le maintien du système actuel, qui implique une augmentation — à terme assez substantielle — des taux de cotisations, et une modification de ses règles. . Cet article propose un cadre d'évaluation des conséquences économiques à long terme de différents scénarios : il s'agit d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable à générations imbriquées de l'économie française, qui, à partir d'hypothèses sur les préférences des ménages et sur l'environnement économique et institutionnel dans lequel ils prennent leurs décisions, permet de déterminer leurs comportements individuels d'offre de travail, de dépenses de consommation, d'épargne et d'accumulation au cours de leur cycle de vie. Les principales grandeurs macroéconomiques sont alors déduites par agrégation exacte des comportements individuels. Grâce à la détermination endogène de l'ensemble des décisions des ménages et des entreprises, un tel modèle permet de tenir compte des conséquences sur les choix d'activité, de consommation et d'épargne, de modifications institutionnelles telles que des réformes du régime de retraite. . Après avoir présenté les résultats de quelques variantes démographiques, qui confirment que le système actuel ne serait véritablement viable à long terme que si la croissance de la population était positive, nous analysons les effets micro- et macroéconomiques de long terme de diverses options envisageables en matière de retraite. Tant la comparaison des conséquences macroéconomiques que l'analyse en termes de bien-être — individuel et social — nous incitent à conclure que, parmi les mesures étudiées et à supposer que la stagnation de la population française se confirme, le recul de l'âge légal de départ à la retraite apparaît comme nettement plus favorable que des alternatives telles que la réduction des prestations ou l'instauration d'un système pur de capitalisation. [eng] Due to the likely ageing of the French population over the coming decades, the future financing of the current public, « pay-as-you-go » pension system is quite worrisome. If the currently foreseen stagnation of the population materializes, a choice will have to be made between keeping the current system, which, in the long run, implies a rather substantial increment in social contribution rates, and altering the benefits. This article offers a framework for evaluating the long-run economic consequences of the various possible scenarios : it presents an overlap- ping-generations, general equilibrium model of the French economy in which individual choices concerning labour supply, consumption, saving and wealth accumulation are endogeneously derived from assumptions on tastes, technologies and institutions. Macroeconomic magnitudes are then simply obtained through exact aggregation of individual behaviours. Because all households' and firms' decisions are endogeneously determined in such a framework, the model is well suited for analysing the consequences on households' labour supply, consumption and saving behaviours, of such institutional changes as reforms in public pension schemes. . After the description of the model itself, we present the results of a few demographic variants, which clearly show that the current system would be sustainable in the long run only if population growth is positive. The micro- and macroeconomic effects of various possible options for the future public pension scheme in France are then discussed. The comparison of macroeconomic outcomes and the — individual and social — welfare analysis suggest that, if the forecast of a stagnating French population comes true, raising the legal retirement age would clearly dominate other alternatives such as curtailing benefits or switching to a pure capitalization scheme.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandrine Cazes & Thierry Chauveau & Jacques Le Cacheux & Rahim Loufir, 1992. "Retraites et évolutions démographiques en France. Première partie : Le long terme," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(1), pages 93-149.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1992_num_39_1_1263
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1992.1263
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1992.1263
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    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2091 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Jacques Le Cacheux & Vincent Touzé, 2002. "Les modèles d'équilibre général calculable à générations imbriquées. Enjeux, méthodes et résultats," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 80(1), pages 87-113.
    3. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/2091 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Vincent Touzé, 2009. "Incidence fiscale des retraites par répartition," Post-Print hal-03460023, HAL.
    5. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompqllr09hai241102 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompqllr09hai241102 is not listed on IDEAS

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