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Les fondements micro-économiques de la jurisprudence concurrentielle (française et européenne)

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  • Michel Glais

Abstract

[eng] The microeconomic foundations of French and EEC antitrust cases. . Does the jurisprudence in matter of competition make sufficient use of the teachings of the specialists in theory of priee and industrial economies ?. This question is indeed of great interest as we know the determining part played by the specialists in Law in the commissions in charge of the competition policy. The expert's report which has been carried out from the study of French an European judicial precedents should reassure the economists.. By considering freedom of entry as the essential condition to ensure the smooth running of a market, by stressing on the distinction between Tacit Collusion and mere tactics of « conscious parallelism », the French and European commissions have shown that they had, explicitly or implicitly backed up their decisions with long-or mewlyconfirmed analysis. (The theory of contestable markets for instance.) However a few adjustements are still necessary : first where dominant position is concerned it would be advisable to give up systematical reference to the relevant market and to emphasize the notion of « obliged partner » (partenaire oblige). Besides, the analysis of the jurisprudence leads us to insist on the limits of a competition policy on some markets and on the necessity to make combined use of other weapons of the economie policy. [fre] Les fondements micro-économiques de la jurisprudence concurrentielle (française et européenne). . La jurisprudence concurrentielle s'appuie-t-elle, de façon suffisante, sur les enseignements des économistes spécialistes de la théorie des prix et de l'économie industrielle ?. Cette question n'est pas sans intérêt quand on sait le poids prépondérant des spécialistes du Droit au sein des commissions chargées de la police de la concurrence.. L'expertise menée dans cet article, à partir de l'analyse des jurisprudences française et européenne, est de nature à rassurer les économistes.. En faisant de la liberté d'entrée la condition indispensable au fonctionnement normal d'un marché, en s'attachant à séparer les situations d'ententes des simples tactiques de «parallélisme conscient», les autorités françaises et européennes ont fait la preuve qu'elles s'appuyaient, explicitement ou implicitement, sur des analyses théoriques, confirmées ou nouvelles (théorie des Marchés disputables par exemple).. Quelques réglages s'avèrent toutefois encore nécessaires. Tout d'abord en matière de position dominante grâce à une utilisation moins systématique de la notion de « Relevant Market » et à un appel plus fréquent au concept de « Partenaire obligé ».. L'analyse de la jurisprudence conduit ensuite à mettre en évidence les limites de l'emploi de la politique de concurrence sur certains marchés ainsi que la nécessité d'utiliser conjointement d'autres armes de la politique économique.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Glais, 1987. "Les fondements micro-économiques de la jurisprudence concurrentielle (française et européenne)," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 38(1), pages 75-116.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1987_num_38_1_408970
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    References listed on IDEAS

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