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Retraites, générations et catégories sociales : de l'équité comme contrainte à l'équité comme objectif

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  • Marc Fleurbaey

Abstract

[fre] À propos des retraites, l'équité est parfois définie sous la forme d'égalité de niveaux de vie entre actifs et retraités, ou entre générations successives, ou encore en termes de neutralité actuarielle des cotisations retraites et des pensions. Aucun de ces critères n'est convaincant, et l'on peut remplacer ces critères, utilisés habituellement comme des contraintes, par des objectifs souples qui incorporent des éléments d'équité. Ceci conduit à donner une certaine priorité aux plus défavorisés, lesquels sont repérés en fonction des préférences des individus face à leur situation socioéconomique (revenu, incertitude, activité, santé..,). Il apparaît alors important de garantir aux générations futures un niveau de vie au moins aussi élevé que celui des générations présentes, et de veiller aux catégories sociales les plus défavorisées dans la génération actuelle. . Classification JEL : D3, H55, J26 [eng] Retirement, successive generations and social fairness . As far as pensions are concerned, fairness is sometimes defined as equality of income between retired and working individuals, or between successive generations, or else as actuarial neutrality of pensions and contributions. None of these criteria is convincing, and instead of introducing fairness as a constraint, flexible social objectives which incorporate notions of fairness can be formulated. This leads to give some priority to the worse off, and determined on their individuals' preferences regarding their own social and economic situations (income, uncertainty, activity, health...). As a consequence of this approach, a sustainable development should be strived, and focus on the worse off social subgroups in the current generation. . JEL classification : D3, H55, J26

Suggested Citation

  • Marc Fleurbaey, 2002. "Retraites, générations et catégories sociales : de l'équité comme contrainte à l'équité comme objectif," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 68(4), pages 91-111.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2002_num_68_4_4774
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2002.4774
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2002.4774
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Marc Fleurbaey, 2000. "Choix social : une difficulté et de multiples possibilités," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 51(5), pages 1215-1232.
    5. Hervé Moulin & William Thomson, 1997. "Axiomatic Analysis of Resource Allocation Problems," International Economic Association Series, in: Kenneth J. Arrow & Amartya Sen & Kotaro Suzumura (ed.), Social Choice Re-examined, chapter 5, pages 101-120, Palgrave Macmillan.
    6. Amartya Sen, 1999. "The Possibility of Social Choice," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(3), pages 349-378, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick Aubert & Simon Rabaté, 2014. "Durée passée en carrière et durée de vie en retraite : quel partage des gains d’espérance de vie ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 474(1), pages 69-95.
    2. P. Aubert & S. Rabaté, 2014. "How Are Gains in Life Expectancy Shared between a Longer Career and a Longer Retirement Span?," Documents de Travail de l'Insee - INSEE Working Papers g2014-15, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D3 - Microeconomics - - Distribution
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • D3 - Microeconomics - - Distribution
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies

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