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Le concept d'industrie et sa mesure : origines, limites et perspectives - Une application à l'étude des mutations industrielles

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  • David Flacher
  • Jacques Pelletan

Abstract

[ger] Das Industriekonzept und seine Messung: Ursprünge, Grenzen und Perspektiven. Eine Anwendung auf die Untersuchung der industriellen Veränderungen. Eignen sich die derzeitigen Nomenklaturen für die Untersuchung der industriellen Veränderungen? Unsere Antwort auf diese Frage lautet, dass die nationalen Statistiken zweifelsohne Aufschlüsse liefern, der Aufbau der Nomenklaturen es aber nicht ermöglicht, die Tätigkeiten homogen zu segmentieren und daraus einen industriellen Perimeter zu bestimmen, auf dessen Grundlage die wirtschaftliche Analyse der jüngsten Veränderungen gestützt werden kann. Wir zeigen zunächst, dass die historischen Grundlagen der Nomenklaturen weitgehend mit einem historischen Ereignis verbunden sind, nämlich der industriellen Revolution, bei der die Industrie insbesondere für technischen Fortschritt und Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen stand. Da seit über zwanzig Jahren grundlegende, zugleich technische und organisatorische Veränderungen vonstatten gehen, muss laut diesem Artikel das Konzept der Industrie unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Heterogenität und der Notwendigkeit der Einbeziehung der Industrietätigkeiten mit konstantem Perimeter neu abgegrenzt werden. Wir stellen die wichtigsten Schwierigkeiten heraus, mit denen die Nomenklaturisten und Ökonomen diesbezüglich konfrontiert sind. Danach schlagen wir drei Ansätze vor, die drei Defi nition und drei wesentlichen Fragen der Ökonomen entsprechen. Abschließend veranschaulichen wir unseren Ansatz empirisch durch die Anwendung dieser Defi nitionen auf den Zeitraum 1978-2003 und schlagen Wege zur Vertiefung dieser Forschungen vor. [eng] Are present categorisations suited to the analysis of industrial change? To this question, we answer that while the light shed by national statistics is undeniable, the construction of these categorisations does not make it possible to segment economic activity homogenously or to deduce from it an industrial framework on which to base analysis of recent developments. Indeed, we fi rst show that the historical bases for categorisations remain largely rooted in a historical reality, that of the industrial revolution, in which industry was particularly synonymous with technical progress and job creation. While profound technical and organisational changes have taken place over the last twenty and more years, the article underlines the importance of re-evaluating the industrial landscape, taking into account both its heterogeneous character and the need to analyse industrial activity with a constant perimeter. From this perspective, we highlight the main diffi culties encountered by category-formers and economists. We then suggest three approaches which correspond to three defi nitions and three fundamental questions for the economist. Finally, we empirically illustrate our approach, applying these defi nitions to the 1978-2003 period, and suggest avenues to explore in order to undertake further research in this area. The Concept of Industry and How to Measure it: Origins, Limits and Perspectives. An Application to the Study of Industrial Changes [spa] El concepto de industria y su medida: orígenes, límites y perspectivas. Una aplicación al estudio de las mutaciones industriales. ¿ Las nomenclaturas actuales se adaptan al estudio de las mutaciones industriales? A esta pregunta respondemos que, aunque los enfoques proporcionados por las estadísticas nacionales son innegables, la construcción de las nomenclaturas no permite segmentar las actividades de manera homogénea y deducir de ello un perímetro industrial en el cual apoyarse para el análisis económico de las recientes mutaciones. En efecto, ponemos de manifi esto en primer lugar que los fundamentos históricos de las nomenclaturas permanecen ampliamente vinculados a una historia, la de la revolución industrial, en la cual la industria era sinónimo, en particular, de progreso técnico y de creación de empleo. Mientras que profundos cambios, a la vez técnicos y organizativos, se han producido desde hace más de veinte años, el artículo destaca entonces la importancia de reconsiderar los contornos de la industria, teniendo en cuenta a la vez su heterogeneidad y la necesidad de considerar las actividades industriales de perímetro constante. Desde este punto de vista, destacamos las principales difi cultades que se plantean a los nomenclaturistas y a los economistas. Proponemos entonces tres enfoques que corresponden a tres defi -niciones y a tres interrogaciones esenciales del economista. Finalmente ilustramos empíricamente nuestro enfoque, aplicando estas defi niciones sobre el período 1978-2003, y proponemos pistas de profundización de estas investigaciones. [fre] Les nomenclatures actuelles sont-elles adaptées à l'étude des mutations industrielles ? À cette question, nous répondons que, si les éclairages fournis par les statistiques nationales sont indéniables, la construction des nomenclatures ne permet pas de segmenter les activités de façon homogène et d'en déduire un périmètre industriel sur lequel s'appuyer pour l'analyse économique des mutations récentes. En effet, nous montrons d'abord que les fondements historiques des nomenclatures restent largement attachés à une histoire, celle de la révolution industrielle, dans laquelle l'industrie était notamment synonyme de progrès technique et de création d'emploi. Alors que de profonds changements, à la fois techniques et organisationnels, sont intervenus depuis plus de vingt ans, l'article souligne alors l'importance de repenser les contours de l'industrie en tenant compte à la fois de son hétérogénéité et de la nécessité de considérer les activités industrielles à périmètre constant. Nous soulignons, de ce point de vue, les principales difficultés qui se posent aux nomenclaturistes et aux économistes. Nous proposons alors trois approches correspondant à trois définitions et à trois interrogations essentielles de l'économiste. Nous illustrons enfin empiriquement notre approche, en appliquant ces définitions sur la période 1978-2003, et proposons des pistes d'approfondissement de ces recherches.

Suggested Citation

  • David Flacher & Jacques Pelletan, 2007. "Le concept d'industrie et sa mesure : origines, limites et perspectives - Une application à l'étude des mutations industrielles," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 405(1), pages 13-46.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2007_num_405_1_7077
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2007.7077
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2007.7077
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edith Archambault, 2015. "Organizing the Field of the Social Economy. The Social Economy and its Classification," Post-Print halshs-00831556, HAL.

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