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La formation professionnelle et l'insertion sur le marché du travail : l'efficacité du contrat d'apprentissage

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  • Véronique Simonnet
  • Valérie Ulrich

Abstract

[spa] ¿ Qué papel juegan la rama, el nivel de instrucción, el diploma obtenido y en fin la región en el proceso de inserción de aquellos jóvenes que han optado por una formación profesional? Un estudio basado en los datos de la encuesta Jóvenes y carreras mide la eficacia relativa de dos ramas de formación inicial: el contrato de aprendizaje y el instituto de formación profesional. De ello resulta que los aprendices tienen más probabilidad de ser contratados que aquellos jóvenes que han optado por el instituto de formación profesional y menos probabilidad de ser contratados a tiempo parcial. Los salarios que cobran no son muy distintos de los de aquellos que salen del instituto de formación profesional y su primer sueldo y los futuros aumentos tampoco son inferiores.. El análisis basado en cuatro criterios estádisticos distintos (la tasa de empleo en 1997, la tasa de empleo a tiempo completo, el salario de ese año y el primer sueldo en el primer empleo de más de seis meses de duración), confirman la idea de que el aprendizaje permite una buena inserción profesional de los jóvenes. Las condiciones de inserción dependen además del nivel de instrucción. Así, el emprender una formación suplementaria favorece el acceso al empleo, aunque no desemboque esta formación en la obtención de un diploma ni en un aumento del sueldo. En fin, no es de mesestimar el protagonismo de las regiones en la opción por el contrato de aprendizaje y en el hecho de ser contratado a tiempo parcial. La formación profesional y la inserción en el mercado laboral: . la eficacia del contrato de aprendizaje [ger] Welche Rolle spielen der Ausbildungsgang, das Ausbildungsniveau, das Abschlußzeugnis und schließlich die Region bei der beruflichen Eingliederung der Jugendlichen, die sich für eine Berufsausbildung entschieden haben? In einer Studie anhand der Daten der Erhebung Jugendliche und karriere wird die relative Effizienz der beiden Erstausbildungsgänge - der Lehre und des Berufsgymnasiums - geschätzt. Im Vergleich zu den Absolventen des Berufsgymnasiums ist demnach für die Lehrlinge die Wahrscheinlichkeit, eine Anstellung zu finden, größer, und die Wahrscheinlichkeit, einer Teilzeitbeschäftigung nachzugehen, kleiner. Ihr Lohn weicht kaum von dem der Absolventen des Berufsgymnasiums ab; auch ihr Anfangslohn und die Lohnerhöhungen sind nicht geringer. Eine Analyse auf der Grundlage vier verschiedener statistischer Kriterien (Beschäftigungsquote 1997, Quote der Vollzeitbeschäftigung, Lohn in diesem Jahr und Anfangslohn bei der ersten Beschäftigung von länger als sechs Monaten) bestätigt die Annahme, daß eine Lehre die berufliche Eingliederung der Jugendlichen begünstigt. Ferner hängen die Bedingungen der Eingliederung vom Ausbildungsniveau ab: eine Zusatzausbildung erleichtert den Zugang zur Beschäftigung, auch wenn im Rahmen dieser Ausbildung kein Diplom erworben wurde und deshalb kein höherer Lohn gezahlt wird. Bei der Entscheidung zugunsten einer Lehre und bei der Anstellung als Teilzeitbeschäftigte spielen die Regionen eine herausragende Rolle. [eng] What role is played by the type of training, level of education, qualifications attained and region in the process of young people’s integration into the world of work when they have taken vocational training? A study based on data from the Young People and careers survey looks at the relative effectiveness of two types of initial training: the apprenticeship contract and the vocational secondary school. It finds that apprentices are more likely to be employed and less likely to be employed part time than young people who choose a vocational secondary school. They do not receive significantly different wages from those who graduate from vocational secondary schools and have neither lower starting wages nor smaller wage increases. The analysis is based on four statistically different criteria: the employment rate in 1997, the full-time employment rate, wages in 1997 and the starting wage in the first job lasting over six months. This analysis confirms the idea that apprenticeship provides young people with a fairly good entry into the world of work. Moreover, employability conditions depend on the level of studies attained: taking additional training helps make it easier to find a job, even when this training provides no paper qualifications and wages are consequently no better. Lastly, the regions play an essential role in whether young people are steered towards an apprenticeship contract and employed part time. [fre] Quel est le rôle de la filière, du niveau d’éducation, du diplôme obtenu et enfin de la région dans le processus d’insertion des jeunes ayant choisi une formation professionnelle? Une étude à partir des données de l’enquête Jeunes et carrières estime l’efficacité relative de deux filières de formation initiale: le contrat d’apprentissage et le lycée professionnel. Il en ressort que les apprentis sont plus probablement employés que les jeunes ayant choisi le lycée professionnel et moins probablement employés à temps partiel. Ils n’obtiennent pas de salaires significativement différents des sortants du lycée professionnel et ne connaissent pas de salaires d’embauche ni de croissances de salaire plus faibles. L’analyse basée sur quatre critères statistiques différents (le taux d’emploi en 1997, le taux d’emploi à plein temps, le salaire cette même année et le salaire d’embauche dans le premier emploi de plus de six mois), conforte l’idée selon laquelle l’apprentissage permet une assez bonne insertion professionnelle des jeunes. Les conditions d’insertion dépendent, de plus, du niveau d’études atteint: le fait d’avoir entrepris une formation supplémentaire contribue à faciliter l’accès à l’emploi, même si cette formation n’est pas validée par un diplôme et si, dans ce cas, le salaire ne s’en trouve pas amélioré. Enfin, les régions jouent un rôle primordial dans l’orientation vers le contrat d’apprentissage et dans le fait d’être employé à temps partiel.

Suggested Citation

  • Véronique Simonnet & Valérie Ulrich, 2000. "La formation professionnelle et l'insertion sur le marché du travail : l'efficacité du contrat d'apprentissage," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 337(1), pages 81-95.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2000_num_337_1_7497
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2000.7497
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2000.7497
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Murphy, Kevin M & Topel, Robert H, 2002. "Estimation and Inference in Two-Step Econometric Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 88-97, January.
    2. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    3. Michel Sollogoub & Valérie Ulrich, 1999. "Les jeunes en apprentissage ou en lycée professionnel," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 323(1), pages 31-52.
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    1. Frédéric Lainé, 2005. "De la spécialité de formation au métier : cas du bâtiment, de l'hôtellerie-restauration-alimentation et du commerce," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 388(1), pages 145-169.
    2. Latifa EL BARDIY & Abdeljalil LOUHMADI, 2017. "Human capital and its impact on employment quality: Sector and wage," Journal of Economics and Political Economy, KSP Journals, vol. 4(4), pages 408-419, December.
    3. Tristan Klein, 2004. "Évaluation microéconomique du passage par un contrat de qualification. Les enseignements d'une analyse des effets bruts," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 164(3), pages 131-144.
    4. David Margolis & Véronique Simonnet, 2002. "Educational Track, Networks and Labor Market Outcomes," Working Papers 2002-60, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    5. Sabina Issehnane, 2011. "The development of apprenticeship in higher education : an empirical evaluation from the “Generation 2001” survey [Le développement de l’apprentissage dans le supérieur : une évaluation empirique à," Post-Print hal-01922045, HAL.
    6. Alina Mariuca Ionescu, 2012. "How does education affect labour market outcomes?," Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research, Pro Global Science Association, vol. 4(2), pages 130-144, Decembre.
    7. Santos, Miguel, 2010. "From Training to Labour Market. Holocletic Model," MPRA Paper 26617, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Laïla Benraiss-Noailles & Olivier Herrbach & Catherine Viot, 2019. "The impact of employer brand equity on organizational attractiveness: The moderating role of familiarity [L'effet du capital marque employeur sur l'attractivité organisationnelle : Le rôle modérate," Post-Print hal-02089617, HAL.

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