IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/ecstat/estat_0336-1454_1994_num_279_1_5914.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Structure des qualifications et échanges extérieurs français

Author

Listed:
  • Alain Gallais
  • Bernard Gautier

Abstract

[eng] The Structure of French Qualifications and Foreign Trade . International trade theory posits that the factors of production available in a country determine the nature of that country's foreign trade. The link between France's employment structure by qualifications and its foreign trade in 1993 is analyzed in this article from the point of view of this theory and a certain number of hypotheses. . Skilled labour is reported to be more abundant in France than in the countries with which it trades. However, the pattern of top-down specialization is not totally sound as employees and retailers represent a greater comparative advantage than certain highly qualified technical categories. Moreover, among executives and senior professionals, there is a relatively more plentiful supply of sales executives, administrative executives and self-employed people whereas engineers and technical executives are thinner on the ground. . The professions that take advantage of the trade are connected with the source of this trade and are found in certain activity and product sectors. The relative abundance of employees in France is due mainly to commerce and market services. The relative scarcity of manual employees can be observed in particular in the trade of fast-moving consumer goods. [ger] Struktur der Qualifikationen und franzôsischer AuBenhandel . Nach der Théorie des Welthandels bestimmen die in einem Land verfùgbaren Produktionsfaktoren auch die Art seines AuBenhandels. In diesem Rahmen und unter einer Reine vorv Hypothesen wird irv diesem Artikef die Beziehung zwischen der qualifikationsspezifischen Beschâftigungsstruktur und dem AuBenhandel fur Frankreich im Jahre 1993 analysiert. . In Frankreich gebe es demnach mehr qualifizierte Beschàftigungen als bei seinen Handelspartnern. Das Schema der Spezialisierung von oben sei aber keine vôllig unumstôBliche Tatsache: denn die Angestellten und . Geschâftsleute wùrden einen grôBeren komparativen Vorteil als einige technische Kategorien mit sehr hoher Ausbildungsqualifikation darstellen. Unter den Fûhrungskràfterrund den hôheren geistigen Berufen gebe es in Frankreich relativ mehr Fùhrungskrâfte im Vertrieb und in der Verwaltung sowie Freiberufler, dagegen aber weniger Ingenieure und technische Fùhrungskrâfte. . Die Berufe, denen der AuBenhandel zugute kommt, sind mit ihm verbunden und konzentrieren sich auf einige Tâtigkeitsbereiche und Produkte: die relative hohe Zahl von Beschàftigten in Frankreich ist insbesondere auf den Handel und die marktbestimmten Dienstleistungen zurùckzufùhren; die relative Seltenheit von Arbeitern ist . vor allem beim Handel mit den gângigen Konsumgùtem zu beobachten. [spa] Estructura des las cualificaciones e intercambios exteriores franceses . Segûn la teorfa del comercio internacional, los factores de producciôn de los que dispone determinado paîs, influyen en la naturaleza de sus intercambios con el exterior. Dentro de este marco, y ateniéndose a unas cuantas hipôtesis, se analiza aquf el vfnculo existente entre la estructura de los empleos por cualificaciones y los intercambios exteriores para Francia en 1993. . Et trabajo cualificado serfa mâs abundante en Francia que entre sus socios comerciales. Pero el esquema de especializaciôn desde arriba no se darîa del todo : los empleados y los trabajadores del sector comercio constituirian una ventaja comparativa mâs importante que ciertas categorîas técnicas muy cualificadas en cuanto a . la titulaciôn. Ademâs, entre los ejecutivos y las profesiones intelectuales superiores, los cuadros del comercio, administratives, y las profesiones libérales serîan mâs abundantes en Francia, y mâs escasos los ingenieros y cuadros téenicos. . Las profesiones que sacan ventaja del intercambio estân supeditadas a su principio, y se sitûan entre ciertas ramas de activrdad y de productos r ta abundancia relativa err empleados en Francia se debe ante todo al comercio y a los servicios privados ; la escasez relativa en obreros se observa asimismo en los intercambios de bienes de consumo corriente. [fre] Structure des qualifications et échanges extérieurs français . Selon la théorie du commerce international, les facteurs de production disponibles dans un pays déterminent la nature de ses échanges extérieurs. Dans ce cadre, et sous un certain nombre d'hypothèses, le lien entre la structure des emplois par qualifications et les échanges extérieurs est ici analysé pour la France en 1993. . Le travail qualifié serait plus abondant en France que chez ses partenaires commerciaux. Mais le schéma de spécialisation par le haut ne serait pas entièrement acquis : les employés et les commerçants constitueraient un avantage comparatif plus Important que certaines catégories techniques très qualifiées en termes de diplôme. De plus, parmi les cadres et professions intellectuelles supérieures, les cadres commerciaux, administratifs et les professions libérales seraient relativement plus abondants en France, les ingénieurs et les cadres techniques, plus rares. . Les professions qui tirent parti de l'échange sont liées à son principe et se situent dans certaines branches d'activité et de produits : l'abondance relative en employés en France résulte surtout du commerce et des services marchands ; de façon réciproque, les biens intensifs en travail ouvrier sont plus importés, ceci se concrétisant particulièrement dans tes échanges de biens de consommation courante.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Gallais & Bernard Gautier, 1994. "Structure des qualifications et échanges extérieurs français," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 279(1), pages 35-46.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1994_num_279_1_5914
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1994.5914
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1994.5914
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.1994.5914
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/estat_0336-1454_1994_num_279_1_5914
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/estat.1994.5914?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laurent Bisault & Vincent Destival & Dominique Goux, 1994. "Emploi et chômage des "non-qualifiés" en France," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 273(1), pages 17-27.
    2. Schumacher D., 1989. "Employment impact in the European economic community (EC) countries of east-west trade flows," ILO Working Papers 992655313402676, International Labour Organization.
    3. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1824 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Webster, Allan, 1993. "The Skill and Higher Educational Content of UK Net Exports," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 55(2), pages 141-159, May.
    5. Baldwin, Robert E, 1971. "Determinants of the Commodity Structure of U.S. Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 61(1), pages 126-146, March.
    6. Jeffrey D. Sachs & Howard J. Shatz, 1994. "Trade and Jobs in Manufacturing," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 25(1), pages 1-84.
    7. Catherine Mathieu & Henri Sterdyniak, 1994. "L'émergence de l'Asie en développement menace-t-elle l'emploi en France ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(1), pages 55-106.
    8. Hervé Bonnaz & Nathalie Courtot & Dominique Nivat, 1994. "Le contenu en emplois des échanges industriels de la France avec les pays en développement," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 279(1), pages 13-33.
    9. repec:ilo:ilowps:265531 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. François Péronnet & François Rocherieux, 1983. "Le modèle défi : débouchés, emplois, filières interindustrielles," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 58(2), pages 3-5.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jean-Pierre Laffargue, 1997. "Inégalités, progrès technique et internationalisation," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(5), pages 1029-1039.
    2. Jean Léonard, 1996. "Education, effets externes, emploi : le cas de la France," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 58(1), pages 67-102.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Olivier Cortès & Sébastien Jean & Jean Pisani-Ferry, 1996. "Trade with Emerging Countries and the Labour Market: The French Case," Working Papers 1996-04, CEPII research center.
    2. Didier Blanchet, 1995. "Inégalité, spécialisation, progrès technique et développement de services non qualifiés locaux," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 120(4), pages 1-13.
    3. Guillaume Daudin & Sandrine Levasseur, 2005. "Appendix 8 : Measuring the effect of international relocations on French economy," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01073900, HAL.
    4. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/685 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. van Neuss, Leif, 2018. "Globalization and deindustrialization in advanced countries," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 49-63.
    6. Olivier Cortes & Sébastien Jean, 1994. "Comment mesurer l'impact du commerce international sur l'emploi ? Une note méthodologique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 279(1), pages 3-11.
    7. Keith Maskus & Catherine Sveikauskas & Allan Webster, 1994. "The composition of the human capital stock and its relation to international trade: Evidence from the US and Britain," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 130(1), pages 50-76, March.
    8. Cörvers F. & Reininga T., 1998. "The Dutch Factor Content of Human and Physical Capital: A Test of the HOV Model," ROA Research Memorandum 001, Maastricht University, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA).
    9. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/685 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Derbel, Hatem & Abdelkafi, Rami & Chkir, Ali, 2007. "Impact du commerce extérieur sur la productivité au sein des secteurs en Tunisie : cas de l’industrie manufacturière [Impact of foreign trade on productivity within sectors in Tunisia: the case of ," MPRA Paper 8533, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Oct 2007.
    11. Pierre Joly, 1997. "Présentation générale," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 301(1), pages 3-21.
    12. Jean-Pierre Cling, 1994. "Les échanges avec les pays en développement et leurs conséquences sur l'emploi," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 279(1), pages 47-68.
    13. Rey, Sergio, 2015. "Bells in Space: The Spatial Dynamics of US Interpersonal and Interregional Income Inequality," MPRA Paper 69482, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Tschopp, Jeanne, 2015. "The Wage Response to Shocks: The Role of Inter-Occupational Labour Adjustment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 28-37.
    15. Anne O. Krueger, 1980. "The Framework of the Country Studies," NBER Chapters, in: Trade and Employment in Developing Countries, Volume 1: Individual Studies, pages 1-28, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Morrison Paul, Catherine J. & Siegel, Donald, 1997. "Automation Or Openness?: Technology And Trade Impacts On Costs And Labor Composition In The Food System," Strategy and Policy in the Food System: Emerging Issues, June 20-21, 1996, Washington, D.C. 25940, Regional Research Project NE-165 Private Strategies, Public Policies, and Food System Performance.
    17. Sakurai, Kojiro, 2001. "Biased Technological Change and Japanese Manufacturing Employment," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 298-322, September.
    18. Yeats, Alexander J., 1990. "What do alternative measures of comparative advantage reveal about the composition of developing countries'exports?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 470, The World Bank.
    19. Pierre Cahuc & Philippe Michel, 1995. "Salaire minimum, croissance et bien-être," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 46(3), pages 585-594.
    20. Sabine Engelmann, 2014. "International trade, technological change and wage inequality in the UK economy," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 41(2), pages 223-246, May.
    21. Accetturo, Antonio & Bugamelli, Matteo & Lamorgese, Andrea R., 2013. "Skill upgrading and exports," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 121(3), pages 417-420.
    22. Adsera, Alicia & Boix, Carles, 2000. "Must we choose? European unemployment, American inequality, and the impact of education and labor market institutions," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 611-638, November.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1994_num_279_1_5914. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/estat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.