IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/ecstat/estat_0336-1454_1991_num_241_1_5552.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Chômage : les chances d'en sortir

Author

Listed:
  • Raphaël Tresmontant

Abstract

[fre] Paradoxalement, malgré la reprise de l'emploi et l'ampleur des aides à l'embauche, un chômeur n'avait pas plus de chances de retrouver un emploi en 1989 que trois ou cinq ans auparavant. C'est en particulier le cas des deux catégories de chômeurs dont les effectifs augmentent le plus rapidement et qui, sans être exclus du marché du travail, ont la probabilité la plus faible de trouver un emploi : les chômeurs de longue durée et les chômeurs "passifs" (ceux qui ne cherchent pas d'emploi). . Si elle est peu sensible à une conjoncture favorable, l'évolution des chances de réinsertion professionnelle dépend dans une certaine mesure des caractéristiques du chômeur : ainsi, les chômeuses d'âge avancé et sans diplôme cumulent les handicaps et, plus généralement, les caractéristiques socio-démographiques du chômeur (âge, sexe, qualification, etc.) expliquent, en partie, la hiérarchie des chances de retrouver un emploi. Mais ces caractéristiques sont trop proches de celles des salariés nouvellement embauchés et ont trop peu varié au cours des années quatre-vingt pour rendre compte complètement de la croissance spectaculaire du nombre des chômeurs "passifs" et de longue durée. [eng] Unemployment: the Chances of Pulling Out of it - In spite of the recovery of employment and the wide scope of help offered to find a new job, paradoxically unemployed workers did not have a greater chance of finding work in 1989 than they did three or four years before. This is especially true for the two fastest-growing categories of unemployed workers which, without being excluded from the labor market, have the smallest chances of finding employment: long-term unemployed people and "passive" ones (these who do not look for a job). . The trend in the chances of finding a new job is not highly sensitive to a favorable economic climate and depends to some extent on the characteristics of the unemployed individual: thus, unemployed older women who do not have diplomas accumulate handicaps and, more generally, the socio-demographic characteristics of the unemployed worker (age, sex, qualifications, etc) partially explain the hierarchy in the chances of finding a new job. But these characteristics are too close to those of newly-hired wage- earners and varied too little during the eighties to account completely for the dramatic growth in the number of long- term and passive unemployed people. [spa] Desempleo: las posibilidades para poder reintegrarse a la actividad laboral - A pesar de la reactivación del empleo y de la importancia de las subvenciones destinadas a la contratación, una persona desempleada no tiene, paradójicamente, muchas más posibilidades para volver a encontrar un trabajo en 1989 que hace tres o cinco años. Este es el caso, en particular, de dos categorias de desocupados, cuyo incremento es el más importante y que, sin estar excluidas del mercado laboral cuentan con las más escasas probabilidades de volver a encontrar un empleo. Se trata de los parados de larga duración y de los desempleados "pasivos" - aquellos que no buscan trabajo. . La evolución de las posibilidades de reinserción profesional, aunque sea poco sensible a una coyuntura favorable, depende encierta medida de las características del desempleado. De este modo, las mujeres desocupadas, de edad avanzada y sin diplomas acumulan las dificultades y, con mayor precision, las características sociodemográficas del desempleado (edad, sexo, calificación, etc.). Esta categoría explica, en parte, la jerarquía que se observa dentro de la gama de posibilidades existentes para volver a encontrar un empleo. Pero esas características se asemejan mucho a las de los asalariados recientemente contratados y variaron muy poco en el transcurso de los anos ochenta para dar cuenta por completo del crecimiento espectacular del número de los desempleados "pasivos" y de los de larga duración.

Suggested Citation

  • Raphaël Tresmontant, 1991. "Chômage : les chances d'en sortir," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 241(1), pages 41-51.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1991_num_241_1_5552
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1991.5552
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1991.5552
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.1991.5552
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/estat_0336-1454_1991_num_241_1_5552
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/estat.1991.5552?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. van den Berg, Gerard J, 1990. "Search Behaviour, Transitions to Nonparticipation and the Duration of Unemployment," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 100(402), pages 842-865, September.
    2. Jean-Philippe Cotis & Ferhat Mihoubi, 1990. "L'hystérésis du taux de chômage en Europe," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 92(1), pages 127-144.
    3. Kim B. Clark & Lawrence H. Summers, 1979. "Labor Market Dynamics and Unemployemnt: A Reconsideration," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 10(1), pages 13-72.
    4. Denis Fougère & Thierry Kamionka, 1992. "Un modéle markovien du marché du travail," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 27, pages 149-188.
    5. Bulow, Jeremy I & Summers, Lawrence H, 1986. "A Theory of Dual Labor Markets with Application to Industrial Policy,Discrimination, and Keynesian Unemployment," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 4(3), pages 376-414, July.
    6. Olivier J. Blanchard & Lawrence H. Summers, 1986. "Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1986, Volume 1, pages 15-90, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Richard Layard, 1990. "Understanding Unemployment," CEP Discussion Papers dp0004, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    8. Blanchard, Olivier J. & Summers, Lawrence H., 1987. "Hysteresis in unemployment," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(1-2), pages 288-295.
    9. Jean-Pierre Florens & Louis-André Gérard-Varet & Patrick Werquin, 1989. "L'impact de l'indemnisation sur la durée et l'ancienneté au chômage," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 87(1), pages 93-104.
    10. Arrow, Kenneth J., 1973. "Higher education as a filter," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 193-216, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dominique Rouault-Galdo, 1991. "Sortir du chômage : un parcours à handicaps," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 249(1), pages 53-65.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:zbw:ifwkwp:1309 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Merkl, Christian & Snower, Dennis J., 2008. "Escaping the unemployment trap: The case of East Germany," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 542-556, December.
    3. Ernesto Screpanti, 2000. "Wages, Employment, and Militancy: A Simple Model and Some Empirical Tests," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 32(2), pages 171-196, June.
    4. Stephen R. G. Jones & Craig Riddell, 2000. "The Dynamics of US Labor Force Attachment," Econometric Society World Congress 2000 Contributed Papers 0011, Econometric Society.
    5. Moïse Sidiropoulos & Jamel Trabelsi, 2001. "Les chocs monétaires et la persistance du taux de chômage," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 148(2), pages 41-47.
    6. Aysun, Uluc & Bouvet, Florence & Hofler, Richard, 2014. "An alternative measure of structural unemployment," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 592-603.
    7. Ángel L. Martín‐Román & Jaime Cuéllar‐Martín & Alfonso Moral, 2023. "Natural and cyclical unemployment: A stochastic frontier decomposition and economic policy implications," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(1), pages 5-39, January.
    8. Allen, Steven G, 1992. "Changes in the Cyclical Sensitivity of Wages in the United States, 1891-1987," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(1), pages 122-140, March.
    9. Richard Rogerson, 1997. "Theory Ahead of Language in the Economics of Unemployment," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 11(1), pages 73-92, Winter.
    10. Blinder, Alan S, 1988. "The Challenge of High Unemployment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 78(2), pages 1-15, May.
    11. Zens, Gregor & Böck, Maximilian & Zörner, Thomas O., 2020. "The heterogeneous impact of monetary policy on the US labor market," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    12. Kyota Eguchi, 2000. "Employment Protection Regulations and New Hiring," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-88, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    13. Justin Doran & Bernard Fingleton, 2014. "Economic shocks and growth: Spatio-temporal perspectives on Europe's economies in a time of crisis," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93, pages 137-165, November.
    14. Franz, Wolfgang, 1990. "Hysteresis in Economic Relationships: An Overview," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 109-125.
    15. Marina Capparucci & Emanuela Ghignoni & Alina Verashchagina & Natalia Vorozhbit, 2015. "The Drivers of Innovation in the Italian Manufacturing Sector," Economia & lavoro, Carocci editore, issue 3, pages 111-128.
    16. Caruso, Alberto & Reichlin, Lucrezia & Ricco, Giovanni, 2019. "Financial and fiscal interaction in the Euro Area crisis: This time was different," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 333-355.
    17. Ulf Rinne & Klaus F Zimmermann, 2013. "Is Germany the North Star of Labor Market Policy?," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 61(4), pages 702-729, December.
    18. Antoine d'Autume, 1992. "Coïntégration et modèles dynamiques," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 106(5), pages 71-83.
    19. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/6120 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Engelbert Stockhammer & Simon Sturn, 2012. "The impact of monetary policy on unemployment hysteresis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(21), pages 2743-2756, July.
    21. Jan Gottschalk & Ulrich Fritsche, 2005. "The New Keynesian Model and the Long-Run Vertical Phillips Curve: Does It Hold for Germany?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 521, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    22. Eichengreen, Barry & Hatton, Tim, 1988. "Interwar Unemployment in International Perspective," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt7bw188gk, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1991_num_241_1_5552. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/estat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.