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Les salaires dans les grands pays de l'OCDE au cours des années quatre-vingt

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  • Pierre Poret

Abstract

[fre] Dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE le pouvoir d'achat des salaires a crû moins vite que la productivité du travail dans la première moitié des années quatre-vingt et il est resté en dessous de son niveau relatif de long terme depuis. La modération des salaires n'est donc pas spécifique à la France même si elle y est plus nette. . Globalement, l'évolution des salaires est cohérente avec la situation du marché du travail des années quatre-vingt, marquée par une sévère récession en 1982 tandis que le pic conjoncturel de la fin des années quatre-vingt n'atteignait pas les niveaux des cycles précédents. La modération des salaires est aussi, en France et dans d'autres pays, la conséquence de coûts indirects de main-d'œuvre toujours croissants. . L'analyse des trois dernières décennies suggère que les salaires sont déterminés en taux de croissance et non en référence à un niveau de long terme stable; des salaires durablement plus bas que leur niveau relatif historique moyen ne seraient donc pas en soi le signe d'une rupture. Il n'y a pas non plus de preuves fortes que les comportements aient été en général instables. L'exception de taille est cependant le cas de la France pour laquelle les équations, fondées sur l'observation des comportements passés, tendent à surestimer les augmentations de salaires depuis 1983. Cela peut s'expliquer par un changement dans les anticipations d'inflation vers une attitude plus prospective, due à la crédibilité croissante de la politique de désinflation. [spa] Los salarios en los grandes países de la OCDE en el transcurso de los años ochenta: . ¿ ha habido o no un cambio de comportamientos ? - En la mayoría de los países de la OCDE el poder adquisitivo de los salarios credo menos rápidamente que la productividad del trabajo en la primera mitad de los años ochenta y desde entonces permaneció por debajo de su nivel relativo de largo plazo. Por lo tanto, la moderación de los salarios no es un rasgo específico de Francia, aun cuando es mucho más neta en este país que en otros. . Globalmente, la evolución de los salarios mantiene una coherencia con la situación del mercado laboral de los anos ochenta, caracterizado por una severa recesión en 1982 (mientras que el pico coyuntural registrado al fin de los anos ochenta, no aicanzaba los nivelés de los ciclos precedentes. La moderación de los salarios en Francia y en otros países, es la consecuencia de costos indirectos, siempre crecientes, de mano de obra. . El análisis de las tres ultimas décadas permite corrobo- rar que los salarios se determinan en función de la tasa de crecimiento y no con relación a un nivel de largo plazo estable ; salarios durablemente más bajos que su nivel relativo histórico medio no constituían el signo de una ruptura. No existen tampoco pruebas fehacientes que permitan constatar que los comportamientos hayan sido, en general, inestables. No obstante, la exception de talla esta dada por el caso de Francia, país para el que las ecuaciones fundadas sobre la observación de comportamientos anteriores tienden a sobreestimar los aumentos de salarios desde 1983. Esto puede explicarse por un cambio en las anticipaciones de inflation tendientes a una actitud de mayor prospectiva, debida esta a la credibilidad crecient de la politica de desinflation. [eng] Wages in the Major OECD Countries During the Eighties. Has Behaviour Changed ? - In most OECD countries, real consumption wages increased less rapidly than labour productivity in the first half of the eighties and have remained below their relative long- run level since then. Thus, wage moderation is not specific to France, even though it is more marked there. . Globally, wage developments are consistent with the situation of the labour market in the eighties marked by a severe recession in 1982, while the peak of the late eighties did not reach the levels of previous cycles. Wage moderation is also, both in France and in other countries, the consequence of increasing non-wage labour costs. . The analysis of the last three decades suggests that wages are determined in terms of growth rates and not in relation to a stable long-run level. Hence, wages being persistently below their average relative historical level would not, in themselves, be a sign of a break in behaviour. Neither is there strong evidence that, in general, behaviour was unstable. A notable exception, however, is France where equations, based on the observation of past behavioral patterns, tend to overestimate wage increases since 1983. This may be explained by a change in inflation expectations towards a more forward-looking attitude, due to the growing credibility of the disinflation policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Poret, 1990. "Les salaires dans les grands pays de l'OCDE au cours des années quatre-vingt," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 235(1), pages 3-15.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_235_1_5479
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5479
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5479
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Jean-Pierre Cling & François Meunier, 1986. "La désinflation en France : le point de vue de l'économètre," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 37(6), pages 1093-1125.
    4. Paunio, Jouko & Suvanto, Antti, 1981. "Wage inflation, expectations and indexation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 165-182.
    5. Pierre Morin, 1988. "Une analyse du processus de désinflation," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 82(1), pages 3-71.
    6. Alogoskoufis, George & Smith, Ron P, 1989. "The Phillips Curve and the Lucas Critique: Some Historical Evidence," CEPR Discussion Papers 321, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Lucas, Robert Jr, 1976. "Econometric policy evaluation: A critique," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 19-46, January.
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    1. Jean Bensaïd & Nicolas Ponty, 1991. "L'Union Économique et Monétaire : un nouveau contexte pour la politique économique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 243(1), pages 43-52.
    2. Lionel de Boisdeffre & Pierre Joly, 1991. "Inflation et chômage : le rôle de la flexibilité," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 246(1), pages 65-74.

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