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Drug resistance and its risk factors among extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Getu Diriba
  • Habteyes Hailu Tola
  • Ayinalem Alemu
  • Bazezew Yenew
  • Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa
  • Abebaw Kebede

Abstract

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are the world major public health issues. Although some primary studies have been reported on the burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis that attempt to summarize the available literature. Thus, we aimed to estimates the prevalence of drug-resistance in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients and summarize the risk factors associated with the occurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the published primary studies on extrapulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Results: Eight observational studies were included in this review from different regions of Ethiopia. The overall pooled prevalence of rifampicin resistance was 6% (95% CI 0.03–0.10), while isoniazid resistance was 7% (95% CI 0.03–0.12). The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 4% (95% CI 0.01–0.07). Previous tuberculosis treatment history and male gender are frequently reported risk factors for developing drug-resistant tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients. Conclusion: The current review has identified a high proportion of resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Clinicians should request drug susceptibility testing for all patients with presumptive extrapulmonary tuberculosis to detect drug-resistance.

Suggested Citation

  • Getu Diriba & Habteyes Hailu Tola & Ayinalem Alemu & Bazezew Yenew & Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa & Abebaw Kebede, 2021. "Drug resistance and its risk factors among extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(10), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0258295
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258295
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