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Perinatal Mental Illness in the Middle East and North Africa Region—A Systematic Overview

Author

Listed:
  • Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy

    (Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar)

  • Anupama Jithesh

    (Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar)

  • Sonia Chaabane

    (Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar)

  • Amit Abraham

    (Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar)

  • Karima Chaabna

    (Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar)

  • Sohaila Cheema

    (Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar)

Abstract

Aims: Perinatal mental illness (PMI) is associated with a high risk of maternal and infant morbidity. Recently, several systematic reviews and primary studies have explored the prevalence and risk factors of PMI in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. To our knowledge, there has been no critical analysis of the existing systematic reviews (SRs) on this topic in the MENA region. Our systematic overview primarily aimed to synthesize evidence from the published SRs on PMI in the MENA countries focusing on a) the prevalence of PMI and b) the risk factors associated with PMI. Methods: We conducted a systematic overview of the epidemiology of PMI in the Middle East and North Africa region by searching the PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo databases for relevant publications between January 2008 and July 2019. In addition to searching the reference lists of the identified SRs for other relevant SRs and additional primary studies of relevance (those which primarily discussed the prevalence of PMI and/or risk and protective factors), between August and October 2019, we also searched Google Scholar for relevant studies. Results: After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 systematic reviews (SRs) and 79 primary studies were included in our overview. Studies utilizing validated diagnostic tools report a PMI prevalence range from 5.6% in Morocco to 28% in Pakistan. On the other hand, studies utilizing screening tools to detect PMI report a prevalence range of 9.2% in Sudan to 85.6% in the United Arab Emirates. Wide variations were observed in studies reporting PMI risk factors. We regrouped the risk factors applying an evidence-based categorization scheme. Our study indicates that risk factors in the relational, psychological, and sociodemographic categories are the most studied in the region. Conversely, lifestyle-related risk factors were less studied. Conclusions: Our systematic overview identifies perinatal mental illness as an important public health issue in the region. Standardizing approaches for estimating, preventing, screening, and treating perinatal mental illness would be a step in the right direction for the region.

Suggested Citation

  • Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy & Anupama Jithesh & Sonia Chaabane & Amit Abraham & Karima Chaabna & Sohaila Cheema, 2020. "Perinatal Mental Illness in the Middle East and North Africa Region—A Systematic Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:15:p:5487-:d:391747
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Shireen Shehzad Bhamani & David Arthur & An-Sofie Van Parys & Nicole Letourneau & Gail Wagnild & Olivier Degomme, 2023. "Development and Validation of Safe Motherhood-Accessible Resilience Training (SM-ART) Intervention to Improve Perinatal Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Verónica Martínez-Borba & Carlos Suso-Ribera & Jorge Osma & Laura Andreu-Pejó, 2020. "Predicting Postpartum Depressive Symptoms from Pregnancy Biopsychosocial Factors: A Longitudinal Investigation Using Structural Equation Modeling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-15, November.

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