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Alterations in children’s sub-dominant gut microbiota by HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy

Author

Listed:
  • Quynh Thi Nguyen
  • Azumi Ishizaki
  • Xiuqiong Bi
  • Kazunori Matsuda
  • Lam Van Nguyen
  • Hung Viet Pham
  • Chung Thi Thu Phan
  • Thuy Thi Bich Phung
  • Tuyen Thi Thu Ngo
  • An Van Nguyen
  • Dung Thi Khanh Khu
  • Hiroshi Ichimura

Abstract

Objective: We investigated the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) on the gut microbiota of children. Design: This cross-sectional study investigated the gut microbiota of children with and without HIV. Methods: We collected fecal samples from 59 children with HIV (29 treated with ART [ART(+)] and 30 without ART [HIV(+)]) and 20 children without HIV [HIV(–)] in Vietnam. We performed quantitative RT-PCR to detect 14 representative intestinal bacteria targeting 16S/23S rRNA molecules. We also collected the blood samples for immunological analyses. Results: In spearman’s correlation analyses, no significant correlation between the number of dominant bacteria and age was found among children in the HIV(−) group. However, the number of sub-dominant bacteria, including Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae, positively correlated with age in the HIV(−) group, but not in the HIV(+) group. In the HIV(+) group, Clostridium coccoides group positively associated with the CD4+ cell count and its subsets. In the ART(+) group, Staphylococcus and C. perfringens positively correlated with CD4+ cells and their subsets and negatively with activated CD8+ cells. C. coccoides group and Bacteroides fragilis group were associated with regulatory T-cell counts. In multiple linear regression analyses, ART duration was independently associated with the number of C. perfringens, and Th17 cell count with the number of Staphylococcus in the ART(+) group. Conclusions: HIV infection and ART may influence sub-dominant gut bacteria, directly or indirectly, in association with immune status in children with HIV.

Suggested Citation

  • Quynh Thi Nguyen & Azumi Ishizaki & Xiuqiong Bi & Kazunori Matsuda & Lam Van Nguyen & Hung Viet Pham & Chung Thi Thu Phan & Thuy Thi Bich Phung & Tuyen Thi Thu Ngo & An Van Nguyen & Dung Thi Khanh Khu, 2021. "Alterations in children’s sub-dominant gut microbiota by HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(10), pages 1-15, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0258226
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258226
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    1. Tanya Yatsunenko & Federico E. Rey & Mark J. Manary & Indi Trehan & Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello & Monica Contreras & Magda Magris & Glida Hidalgo & Robert N. Baldassano & Andrey P. Anokhin & Andrew C, 2012. "Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography," Nature, Nature, vol. 486(7402), pages 222-227, June.
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