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The impact of salient action effects on 6-, 7-, and 11-month-olds’ goal-predictive gaze shifts for a human grasping action

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  • Maurits Adam
  • Birgit Elsner

Abstract

When infants observe a human grasping action, experience-based accounts predict that all infants familiar with grasping actions should be able to predict the goal regardless of additional agency cues such as an action effect. Cue-based accounts, however, suggest that infants use agency cues to identify and predict action goals when the action or the agent is not familiar. From these accounts, we hypothesized that younger infants would need additional agency cues such as a salient action effect to predict the goal of a human grasping action, whereas older infants should be able to predict the goal regardless of agency cues. In three experiments, we presented 6-, 7-, and 11-month-olds with videos of a manual grasping action presented either with or without an additional salient action effect (Exp. 1 and 2), or we presented 7-month-olds with videos of a mechanical claw performing a grasping action presented with a salient action effect (Exp. 3). The 6-month-olds showed tracking gaze behavior, and the 11-month-olds showed predictive gaze behavior, regardless of the action effect. However, the 7-month-olds showed predictive gaze behavior in the action-effect condition, but tracking gaze behavior in the no-action-effect condition and in the action-effect condition with a mechanical claw. The results therefore support the idea that salient action effects are especially important for infants’ goal predictions from 7 months on, and that this facilitating influence of action effects is selective for the observation of human hands.

Suggested Citation

  • Maurits Adam & Birgit Elsner, 2020. "The impact of salient action effects on 6-, 7-, and 11-month-olds’ goal-predictive gaze shifts for a human grasping action," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0240165
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240165
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. J. Randall Flanagan & Roland S. Johansson, 2003. "Action plans used in action observation," Nature, Nature, vol. 424(6950), pages 769-771, August.
    2. Yasuhiro Kanakogi & Shoji Itakura, 2011. "Developmental correspondence between action prediction and motor ability in early infancy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 2(1), pages 1-6, September.
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