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Factors associated with follow-up difficulty in longitudinal studies involving community-dwelling older adults

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  • Hisashi Kawai
  • Manami Ejiri
  • Harukazu Tsuruta
  • Yukie Masui
  • Yutaka Watanabe
  • Hirohiko Hirano
  • Yoshinori Fujiwara
  • Kazushige Ihara
  • Masashi Tanaka
  • Shuichi Obuchi

Abstract

This study aims to clarify the factors associated with the gradual withdrawal from society in older adults. We defined the stages of follow-up difficulty based on four follow-up surveys on non-respondents of longitudinal mail surveys in community-dwelling older adults to examine the main factors associated with the stages of follow-up difficulty. We conducted a follow-up mail survey (FL1) with respondents of a baseline survey, and three more follow-up surveys with the non-respondents of each previous survey: simplified mail (FL2), postcard (FL3), and home visit surveys (FL4). The respondents of each follow-up survey were defined as a stage of follow-up difficulty; their characteristics concerning social participation and interaction at baseline in each stage were analyzed. The number of respondents in the FL1, FL2, FL3, and FL4 stages and non-respondents (NR) were as follows: 2,361; 462; 234; 84; and 101, respectively. Participation in hobby groups in FL2 and FL3, sports groups in FL4, and neighborhood association and social isolation in NR were significantly associated with the stage of follow-up difficulty. Based on these results, we conclude that the following factors are associated with each stage of follow-up difficulty: 1) a decline in instrumental activities of daily living in the FL2 and FL3 stages, 2) dislike for participating in physical activity such as sports in the FL4 stage, and 3) social isolation, not even belonging to a neighborhood association due to low social interaction in the NR group.

Suggested Citation

  • Hisashi Kawai & Manami Ejiri & Harukazu Tsuruta & Yukie Masui & Yutaka Watanabe & Hirohiko Hirano & Yoshinori Fujiwara & Kazushige Ihara & Masashi Tanaka & Shuichi Obuchi, 2020. "Factors associated with follow-up difficulty in longitudinal studies involving community-dwelling older adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(8), pages 1-10, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0237166
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237166
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kimiko Tomioka & Norio Kurumatani & Hiroshi Hosoi, 2018. "Social Participation and Cognitive Decline Among Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Community-based Longitudinal Study," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 73(5), pages 799-806.
    2. Manami Ejiri & Hisashi Kawai & Yoshinori Fujiwara & Kazushige Ihara & Yutaka Watanabe & Hirohiko Hirano & Hun Kyung Kim & Kaori Ishii & Koichiro Oka & Shuichi Obuchi, 2019. "Social participation reduces isolation among Japanese older people in urban area: A 3-year longitudinal study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(9), pages 1-11, September.
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