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Social Participation and Cognitive Decline Among Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Community-based Longitudinal Study

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  • Kimiko Tomioka
  • Norio Kurumatani
  • Hiroshi Hosoi

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine whether social participation (SP) by older individuals is associated with cognitive decline (CD). Method Participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older with both independent activities of daily living and normal cognitive performance at baseline (2,768 men and 3,325 women). CD was evaluated using the Cognitive Performance Scale. Logistic regression analysis stratified by gender was used to examine CD in relation to SP, with nonparticipation as reference. Age, family, body mass index, pensions, comorbidities, medications, alcohol, smoking, depression, self-rated health, and instrumental activities of daily living were used as covariates. Results During the 3-year follow-up, 16.7% of eligible participants reported CD. After covariate adjustments, greater social group participation was associated with CD prevention for women only. Lessened negative CD effects were found in respondents active in these particular types of social outlets: neighborhood associations (odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.66–0.99) and local event groups (0.79, 0.63–0.99) for men, and hobby groups (0.70, 0.54–0.91) and volunteer groups (0.66, 0.45–0.96) for women. Discussion Our results suggest that greater social group participation prevents CD in women, while the beneficial effect of each type of SP on cognition differs between genders. Determining which types of social groups are best for community-dwelling older people’s participation based on gender may help them maintain their cognitive functioning abilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Kimiko Tomioka & Norio Kurumatani & Hiroshi Hosoi, 2018. "Social Participation and Cognitive Decline Among Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Community-based Longitudinal Study," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 73(5), pages 799-806.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:73:y:2018:i:5:p:799-806.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/geronb/gbw059
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Satoru Kanamori & Yuko Kai & Jun Aida & Katsunori Kondo & Ichiro Kawachi & Hiroshi Hirai & Kokoro Shirai & Yoshiki Ishikawa & Kayo Suzuki & The JAGES Group, 2014. "Social Participation and the Prevention of Functional Disability in Older Japanese: The JAGES Cohort Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-10, June.
    2. Paolo Ghisletta & Jean-François Bickel & Martin Lövdén, 2006. "Does Activity Engagement Protect Against Cognitive Decline in Old Age? Methodological and Analytical Considerations," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 61(5), pages 253-261.
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    2. Kimiko Tomioka & Norio Kurumatani & Keigo Saeki, 2018. "The differential effects of type and frequency of social participation on IADL declines of older people," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Abe, Takumi & Seino, Satoshi & Hata, Toshiki & Yamashita, Mari & Ohmori, Nobuaki & Kitamura, Akihiko & Shinkai, Shoji & Fujiwara, Yoshinori, 2023. "Transportation modes and social participation in older drivers and non-drivers: Results from urbanised Japanese cities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    4. Sherry Shiqian Gao & Kitty Jieyi Chen & Duangporn Duangthip & Edward Chin Man Lo & Chun Hung Chu, 2020. "The Oral Health Status of Chinese Elderly People with and without Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-8, March.
    5. Le Yang & Dan Guo & Jiaming Zheng & Yuting Guo & Zeyuan Li, 2023. "Association between Social Participation and Remaining Teeth and Urban–Rural Difference among Older Adults in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-10, January.
    6. Hisashi Kawai & Manami Ejiri & Harukazu Tsuruta & Yukie Masui & Yutaka Watanabe & Hirohiko Hirano & Yoshinori Fujiwara & Kazushige Ihara & Masashi Tanaka & Shuichi Obuchi, 2020. "Factors associated with follow-up difficulty in longitudinal studies involving community-dwelling older adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(8), pages 1-10, August.
    7. Lena Lipskaya-Velikovsky, 2021. "COVID-19 Isolation in Healthy Population in Israel: Challenges in Daily Life, Mental Health, Resilience, and Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-16, January.
    8. Kazushige Ide & Taishi Tsuji & Satoru Kanamori & Seungwon Jeong & Yuiko Nagamine & Katsunori Kondo, 2020. "Social Participation and Functional Decline: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Older People, Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Longitudinal Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, January.

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