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Social Participation and Functional Decline: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Older People, Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Longitudinal Data

Author

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  • Kazushige Ide

    (Department of Community General Support, Hasegawa Hospital, Yachimata, Chiba 289-1113, Japan
    Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan)

  • Taishi Tsuji

    (Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan)

  • Satoru Kanamori

    (School of Nursing, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
    Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan)

  • Seungwon Jeong

    (Department of Community Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, Niimi University, Nishigata Niimi, Okayama 718-8585, Japan)

  • Yuiko Nagamine

    (Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
    Department of Family Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan)

  • Katsunori Kondo

    (Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
    Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
    Department of Geriatric Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan)

Abstract

This study compared the relationship between social participation, including work, and incidence of functional decline in rural and urban older people in Japan, by focusing on the number and types of organizations older people participated in. The longitudinal data of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) that followed 55,243 individuals aged 65 years or older for six years were used. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of the incidence of functional decline over six years and the stratification of rural and urban settings. In this model, we adjusted 13 variables as behavioral, psychosocial, and functional confounders. The more rural and urban older people participated in various organizations, the more they were protected from functional decline. Participation in sports (HR: rural = 0.79; urban = 0.83), hobby groups (HR: rural = 0.76; urban = 0.90), and work (HR: rural = 0.83; urban = 0.80) significantly protected against the incidence of decline in both rural and urban areas. For both rural and urban older people, promoting social participation, such as sports and hobby groups and employment support, seemed to be an important aspect of public health policies that would prevent functional decline.

Suggested Citation

  • Kazushige Ide & Taishi Tsuji & Satoru Kanamori & Seungwon Jeong & Yuiko Nagamine & Katsunori Kondo, 2020. "Social Participation and Functional Decline: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Older People, Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Longitudinal Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:617-:d:310233
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ryuichi Ohta & Akiko Yata & Yuki Arakawa & Koichi Maiguma & Chiaki Sano, 2021. "Rural Social Participation through Osekkai during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-9, May.
    2. JiYeon Choi & Kyeongra Yang & Sang Hui Chu & Yoosik Youm & Hyeon Chang Kim & Yeong-Ran Park & Youn-Jung Son, 2020. "Social Activities and Health-Related Quality of Life in Rural Older Adults in South Korea: A 4-Year Longitudinal Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Kazushige Ide & Seungwon Jeong & Taishi Tsuji & Ryota Watanabe & Yasuhiro Miyaguni & Hirotaka Nakamura & Miyako Kimura & Katsunori Kondo, 2022. "Suggesting Indicators of Age-Friendly City: Social Participation and Happiness, an Ecological Study from the JAGES," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, April.
    4. Ryuichi Ohta & Koichi Maiguma & Akiko Yata & Chiaki Sano, 2022. "A Solution for Loneliness in Rural Populations: The Effects of Osekkai Conferences during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-10, April.
    5. Marcelo Piña-Morán & Carlos Martínez-Matamala & Ricardo Iacub & María G. Olivo-Viana & Verónica Rubio-Aguilar & Luis M. Torres-Fuentes, 2024. "Analysis of Senior Citizens’ Participation in Social Organizations," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, June.
    6. Miho Nishigaki & Masamichi Hanazato & Chie Koga & Katsunori Kondo, 2020. "What Types of Greenspaces Are Associated with Depression in Urban and Rural Older Adults? A Multilevel Cross-Sectional Study from JAGES," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-16, December.

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