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Elementary school physical activity opportunities and physical fitness of students: A statewide cross-sectional study of schools

Author

Listed:
  • Patricia C Cheung
  • Padra A Franks
  • Michael R Kramer
  • Christi M Kay
  • Carolyn D Drews-Botsch
  • Jean A Welsh
  • Julie A Gazmararian

Abstract

Background: Using a cross-sectional design, we assessed the relationship between the time schools provide for physical activity and the proportion of students achieving a healthy aerobic capacity or body mass index. Methods: In 2013–2014, physical education and grade-level teachers from 905 of 1,244 Georgia elementary schools provided survey data about the frequency and duration of physical activity opportunities offered before, during, and after school. Log-binomial models related the weekly physical activity minutes provided by schools to the proportion of children in the FitnessGram healthy fitness zone for aerobic capacity or body mass index while adjusting for school characteristics and demographics. Results: During-school physical activity time was not associated with student fitness, but schools with before-school physical activity programs had a moderately higher prevalence of healthy aerobic capacity (prevalence ratio among girls: 1.06; 99% confidence interval: 1.00–1.13; prevalence ratio among boys: 1.03; 99% confidence interval: 0.99–1.08). Each additional 30 minutes of recess per week was associated with no more than a 3%-higher proportion of students with healthy body mass indexes (prevalence ratio among girls: 1.01; 99% confidence interval: 1.00–1.03; prevalence ratio among boys: 1.01; 99% confidence interval: 0.99–1.03). Conclusions: The amount of physical activity time provided by schools is not strongly associated with school-aggregated student fitness. Future studies should be designed to assess the importance of school-based physical activity time on student fitness, relative to physical activity type and quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricia C Cheung & Padra A Franks & Michael R Kramer & Christi M Kay & Carolyn D Drews-Botsch & Jean A Welsh & Julie A Gazmararian, 2019. "Elementary school physical activity opportunities and physical fitness of students: A statewide cross-sectional study of schools," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0210444
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210444
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cawley, John & Frisvold, David & Meyerhoefer, Chad, 2013. "The impact of physical education on obesity among elementary school children," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 743-755.
    2. Tracy K Richmond & Marc N Elliott & Luisa Franzini & Ichiro Kawachi & Margaret O Caughy & M Janice Gilliland & Courtney E Walls & Frank A Franklin & Richard Lowry & Stephen W Banspach & Mark A Schuste, 2014. "School Programs and Characteristics and Their Influence on Student BMI: Findings from Healthy Passages," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(1), pages 1-7, January.
    3. Kahan, D. & McKenzie, T.L., 2015. "The potential and reality of physical education in controlling overweight and obesity," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(4), pages 653-659.
    4. Sallis, J.F. & McKenzie, T.L. & Alcaraz, J.E. & Kolody, B. & Faucette, N. & Hovell, M.F., 1997. "The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 87(8), pages 1328-1334.
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