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Prevalence and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

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  • Animut Alebel
  • Cheru Tesema
  • Belisty Temesgen
  • Alemu Gebrie
  • Pammla Petrucka
  • Getiye Dejenu Kibret

Abstract

Background: Despite remarkable progress in the reduction of under-five mortality, childhood diarrhea is still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in this highly susceptible and vulnerable population. In Ethiopia, study findings regarding prevalence and determinants of diarrhea amongst under-five children have been inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the pooled prevalence of diarrhea and its determinants among under-five children in Ethiopia. Methods: International databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia were included. Two authors independently extracted all necessary data using a standardized data extraction format. STATA Version 13 statistical software was used. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. A random effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of diarrhea. Moreover, the associations between determinant factors and childhood diarrhea were examined using the random effect model. Results: After reviewing of 535 studies, 31studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The findings from the 31 studies revealed that the pooled prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia was 22% (95%CI: 19, 25%). Subgroup analysis of this study revealed that the highest prevalence was observed in Afar region (27%), followed by Somali and Dire Dawa regions (26%), then Addis Abeba (24%). Lack of maternal education (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.1), lack of availability of latrine (OR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.3, 3.2), urban residence (OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.2, 3.0), and maternal hand washing (OR: 2.2, 95%CI: 2.0, 2.6) were significantly associated with childhood diarrhea. Conclusion: In this study, diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia was significantly high. Lack of maternal education, lack of availability of latrine, urban residence, and lack of maternal hand washing were significantly associated with childhood diarrhea.

Suggested Citation

  • Animut Alebel & Cheru Tesema & Belisty Temesgen & Alemu Gebrie & Pammla Petrucka & Getiye Dejenu Kibret, 2018. "Prevalence and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0199684
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199684
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    1. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Ayuk Betrand Tambe & Leonie Dapi Nzefa & Nchang Allo Nicoline, 2015. "Childhood Diarrhea Determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross Sectional Study of Tiko-Cameroon," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Mock, Nancy B. & Sellers, Thomas A. & Abdoh, Ahmed A. & Franklin, Robert R., 1993. "Socioeconomic, environmental, demographic and behavioral factors associated with occurrence of diarrhea in young children in the Republic of Congo," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 807-816, March.
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    1. Ruixue Li & Yingsi Lai & Chenyang Feng & Rubee Dev & Yijing Wang & Yuantao Hao, 2020. "Diarrhea in Under Five Year-old Children in Nepal: A Spatiotemporal Analysis Based on Demographic and Health Survey Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Ali, Muhammad & Abbas, Faisal & Shah, Ashfaq Ahmad, 2022. "Factors associated with prevalence of diarrhea among children under five years of age in Pakistan," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).

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