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Classification of rare land cover types: Distinguishing annual and perennial crops in an agricultural catchment in South Korea

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  • Christina Bogner
  • Bumsuk Seo
  • Dorian Rohner
  • Björn Reineking

Abstract

Many environmental data are inherently imbalanced, with some majority land use and land cover types dominating over rare ones. In cultivated ecosystems minority classes are often the target as they might indicate a beginning land use change. Most standard classifiers perform best on a balanced distribution of classes, and fail to detect minority classes. We used the synthetic minority oversampling technique (smote) with Random Forest to classify land cover classes in a small agricultural catchment in South Korea using modis time series. This area faces a major soil erosion problem and policy measures encourage farmers to replace annual by perennial crops to mitigate this issue. Our major goal was therefore to improve the classification performance on annual and perennial crops. We compared four different classification scenarios on original imbalanced and synthetically oversampled balanced data to quantify the effect of smote on classification performance. smote substantially increased the true positive rate of all oversampled minority classes. However, the performance on minor classes remained lower than on the majority class. We attribute this result to a class overlap already present in the original data set that is not resolved by smote. Our results show that resampling algorithms could help to derive more accurate land use and land cover maps from freely available data. These maps can be used to provide information on the distribution of land use classes in heterogeneous agricultural areas and could potentially benefit decision making.

Suggested Citation

  • Christina Bogner & Bumsuk Seo & Dorian Rohner & Björn Reineking, 2018. "Classification of rare land cover types: Distinguishing annual and perennial crops in an agricultural catchment in South Korea," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(1), pages 1-22, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0190476
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190476
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lee, Heera & Bogner, Christina & Lee, Saem & Koellner, Thomas, 2016. "Crop selection under price and yield fluctuation: Analysis of agro-economic time series from South Korea," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1-11.
    2. David Tilman & Kenneth G. Cassman & Pamela A. Matson & Rosamond Naylor & Stephen Polasky, 2002. "Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices," Nature, Nature, vol. 418(6898), pages 671-677, August.
    3. Shannon M. Sterling & Agnès Ducharne & Jan Polcher, 2013. "The impact of global land-cover change on the terrestrial water cycle," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(4), pages 385-390, April.
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    1. Vicky Espinoza & Lorenzo Ade Booth & Joshua H. Viers, 2023. "Land Use Misclassification Results in Water Use, Economic Value, and GHG Emission Discrepancies in California’s High-Intensity Agriculture Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-17, April.

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