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Patterns of electronic cigarette use and level of psychological distress

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  • Su Hyun Park
  • Lily Lee
  • Jenni A Shearston
  • Michael Weitzman

Abstract

Background: Psychological distress has been correlated with higher levels of nicotine dependence. To date, the possible association between individuals’ levels of psychological distress and e-cigarette use has not been investigated, despite the dramatic growth of e-cigarette use in the US. We examined this possible association using a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods: A total of 36,697 adults from the 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were included. The Kessler 6 scale was used to measure psychological distress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between level of psychological distress and e-cigarette use. Results: Both e-cigarette and cigarette use varied according to level of psychological distress as well as multiple socio-demographic characteristics. In a multivariate model, psychological distress was significantly associated with the following groups: (a) exclusive e-cigarette ever-use (aOR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.6, 8.6), (b) current dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes (aOR = 4.6; 95% CI = 3.1, 6.7), (c) former cigarette use and ever use of e-cigarette (aOR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.2, 4.8) and (d) current use of cigarettes only (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.7, 2.6). Conclusion: These are the first data to demonstrate that, as is true for cigarettes, e-cigarette use is associated with increased levels of psychological distress. Further large-scale, longitudinal studies are needed to determine the direction of this relationship and to evaluate the long-term positive and negative consequences of such use.

Suggested Citation

  • Su Hyun Park & Lily Lee & Jenni A Shearston & Michael Weitzman, 2017. "Patterns of electronic cigarette use and level of psychological distress," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(3), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0173625
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173625
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hwang, Jiyoung & Yun, Zee-Sun, 2015. "Mechanism of psychological distress-driven smoking addiction behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(10), pages 2189-2197.
    2. Guixiang Zhao & Earl Ford & Chaoyang Li & Tara Strine & Satvinder Dhingra & Joyce Berry & Ali Mokdad, 2009. "Serious psychological distress and its associations with body mass index: findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 54(1), pages 30-36, June.
    3. Healton, C.G., 2016. "Tobacco control: How are we doing?," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(7), pages 1164-1166.
    4. Muhammad Aziz Rahman & Nicholas Hann & Andrew Wilson & George Mnatzaganian & Linda Worrall-Carter, 2015. "E-Cigarettes and Smoking Cessation: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-16, March.
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    1. Ronchetti, Jérôme & Terriau, Anthony, 2021. "Help me quit smoking but don't make me sick! The controversial effects of electronic cigarettes on tobacco smokers," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    2. Zhenzhen Qin & Yao Song & Yang Jin, 2019. "Green Worship: The Effects of Devotional and Behavioral Factors on Adopting Electronic Incense Products in Religious Practices," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-15, September.
    3. David Adzrago & Melissa B. Harrell & Kayo Fujimoto & Antwan Jones & J. Michael Wilkerson, 2023. "Association between E-Cigarette Use Behaviors and Anxiety/Depression among Black/African American Adults Based on Sexual Identity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Nkiruka C. Atuegwu & Mark D. Litt & Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin & Reinhard C. Laubenbacher & Mario F. Perez & Eric M. Mortensen, 2021. "E-Cigarette Use in Young Adult Never Cigarette Smokers with Disabilities: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.

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