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Associations and Synergistic Effects for Psychological Distress and Chronic Back Pain on the Utilization of Different Levels of Ambulatory Health Care. A Cross-Sectional Study from Austria

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  • Kathryn Hoffmann
  • Wim Peersman
  • Aaron George
  • Thomas Ernst Dorner

Abstract

The aim of this analysis was to assess the impact of chronic back pain and psychological distress on the utilization of primary and secondary levels of care in the ambulatory health care sector in Austria - a country without a gatekeeping system. Additionally, we aimed to determine if the joint effect of chronic back pain and psychological distress was higher than the impact of the sum of the two single conditions. The database used for this analysis was the Austrian Health Interview Survey, with data from 15,474 individuals. Statistical methods used were descriptive tests, regression models and the calculation of synergistic effects. Both chronic back pain and psychological distress had a positive association with the utilization of the primary (OR for chronic back pain 1.53 and psychological distress 1.33) and secondary (OR for chronic back pain 1.32 and psychological distress 1.24) levels of the health care sector. In the fully adjusted model, the synergistic effect of chronic back pain and psychological distress was significant for the secondary level of care (S 1.99, PAF 0.20), but not for the primary level of care (S 1.16, PAF 0.07). Synergistic effects and associations for chronic back pain and psychological distress on the utilization of both the primary and secondary levels of the ambulatory health care sector were observed, particularly for the secondary level of care. Our results demonstrate the utilization of health care services settings by individuals with these conditions, and offer opportunities to consider reorganization and structuring of the Austrian health care system.

Suggested Citation

  • Kathryn Hoffmann & Wim Peersman & Aaron George & Thomas Ernst Dorner, 2015. "Associations and Synergistic Effects for Psychological Distress and Chronic Back Pain on the Utilization of Different Levels of Ambulatory Health Care. A Cross-Sectional Study from Austria," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(7), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0134136
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134136
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. William Pearson & Satvinder Dhingra & Tara Strine & Yia Liang & Joyce Berry & Ali Mokdad, 2009. "Relationships between serious psychological distress and the use of health services in the United States: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 54(1), pages 23-29, June.
    2. Marina Taloyan & Gunnar Aronsson & Constanze Leineweber & Linda Magnusson Hanson & Kristina Alexanderson & Hugo Westerlund, 2012. "Sickness Presenteeism Predicts Suboptimal Self-Rated Health and Sickness Absence: A Nationally Representative Study of the Swedish Working Population," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(9), pages 1-8, September.
    3. Guixiang Zhao & Earl Ford & Chaoyang Li & Tara Strine & Satvinder Dhingra & Joyce Berry & Ali Mokdad, 2009. "Serious psychological distress and its associations with body mass index: findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 54(1), pages 30-36, June.
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    1. Sandra Haider & Igor Grabovac & Anita Rieder & Thomas Ernst Dorner, 2019. "Depressive Symptoms, Lack of Physical Activity, and Their Combination Towards Health Care Utilisation Frequency," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-12, November.
    2. Katharina Viktoria Stein & Wolfgang Rutz & Birgit Hladschik-Kermer & Thomas E. Dorner, 2022. "Tapping the Potential of Resilience to Support an Integrated and Person-Centred Approach to Health and Wellbeing—Developing a Simple Assessment Tool for Practice," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-12, February.

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