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Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Social Support on Violence against Pregnant Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro
  • Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
  • Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto e Alves
  • Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista
  • Cecília Cláudia Costa Ribeiro
  • Lilia Blima Schraiber
  • Heloisa Bettiol
  • Marco Antônio Barbieri

Abstract

Few studies have used structural equation modeling to analyze the effects of variables on violence against women. The present study analyzed the effects of socioeconomic status and social support on violence against pregnant women who used prenatal services. This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the Brazilian Ribeirão Preto and São Luís birth cohort studies (BRISA). The sample of the municipality of São Luís (Maranhão/Brazil) consisted of 1,446 pregnant women interviewed in 2010 and 2011. In the proposed model, socioeconomic status was the most distal predictor, followed by social support that determined general violence, psychological violence or physical/sexual violence, which were analyzed as latent variables. Violence was measured by the World Health Organization Violence against Women (WHO VAW) instrument. The São Luis model was estimated using structural equation modeling and validated with 1,378 pregnant women from Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo/Brazil). The proposed model showed good fit for general, psychological and physical/sexual violence for the São Luís sample. Socioeconomic status had no effect on general or psychological violence (p>0.05), but pregnant women with lower socioeconomic status reported more episodes of physical/sexual violence (standardized coefficient, SC = -0.136; p = 0.021). This effect of socioeconomic status was indirect and mediated by low social support (SC = -0.075; p

Suggested Citation

  • Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro & Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva & Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto e Alves & Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista & Cecília Cláudia Costa Ribeiro & Lilia Blima Sch, 2017. "Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Social Support on Violence against Pregnant Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0170469
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170469
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sherbourne, Cathy Donald & Stewart, Anita L., 1991. "The MOS social support survey," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 705-714, January.
    2. Kiss, Ligia & Schraiber, Lilia Blima & Heise, Lori & Zimmerman, Cathy & Gouveia, Nelson & Watts, Charlotte, 2012. "Gender-based violence and socioeconomic inequalities: Does living in more deprived neighbourhoods increase women’s risk of intimate partner violence?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(8), pages 1172-1179.
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    1. N. Dardenne & B. Pétré & E. Husson & M. Guillaume & A. F. Donneau, 2020. "Assessing Quality of Life in an Obesity Observational Study: a Structural Equation Modeling Approach," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 15(4), pages 1117-1133, September.
    2. Paola Ilabaca Baeza & José Manuel Gaete Fiscella & Fuad Hatibovic Díaz & Helena Roman Alonso, 2022. "Social, Economic and Human Capital: Risk or Protective Factors in Sexual Violence?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-21, January.

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