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Cognitive Test Scores in UK Biobank: Data Reduction in 480,416 Participants and Longitudinal Stability in 20,346 Participants

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Listed:
  • Donald M Lyall
  • Breda Cullen
  • Mike Allerhand
  • Daniel J Smith
  • Daniel Mackay
  • Jonathan Evans
  • Jana Anderson
  • Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
  • Andrew M McIntosh
  • Ian J Deary
  • Jill P Pell

Abstract

UK Biobank includes 502,649 middle- and older-aged adults from the general population who have undergone detailed phenotypic assessment. The majority of participants completed tests of cognitive functioning, and on average four years later a sub-group of N = 20,346 participants repeated most of the assessment. These measures will be used in a range of future studies of health outcomes in this cohort. The format and content of the cognitive tasks were partly novel. The aim of the present study was to validate and characterize the cognitive data: to describe the inter-correlational structure of the cognitive variables at baseline assessment, and the degree of stability in scores across longitudinal assessment. Baseline cognitive data were used to examine the inter-correlational/factor-structure, using principal components analysis (PCA). We also assessed the degree of stability in cognitive scores in the subsample of participants with repeat data. The different tests of cognitive ability showed significant raw inter-correlations in the expected directions. PCA suggested a one-factor solution (eigenvalue = 1.60), which accounted for around 40% of the variance. Scores showed varying levels of stability across time-points (intraclass correlation range = 0.16 to 0.65). UK Biobank cognitive data has the potential to be a significant resource for researchers looking to investigate predictors and modifiers of cognitive abilities and associated health outcomes in the general population.

Suggested Citation

  • Donald M Lyall & Breda Cullen & Mike Allerhand & Daniel J Smith & Daniel Mackay & Jonathan Evans & Jana Anderson & Chloe Fawns-Ritchie & Andrew M McIntosh & Ian J Deary & Jill P Pell, 2016. "Cognitive Test Scores in UK Biobank: Data Reduction in 480,416 Participants and Longitudinal Stability in 20,346 Participants," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(4), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0154222
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154222
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel J Smith & Barbara I Nicholl & Breda Cullen & Daniel Martin & Zia Ul-Haq & Jonathan Evans & Jason M R Gill & Beverly Roberts & John Gallacher & Daniel Mackay & Matthew Hotopf & Ian Deary & Nick , 2013. "Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-7, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Liina Mansukoski & Eef Hogervorst & Luis Fúrlan & J Andres Galvez-Sobral & Katherine Brooke-Wavell & Barry Bogin, 2019. "Instability in longitudinal childhood IQ scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born between 1941-1953," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Chloe Fawns-Ritchie & Ian J Deary, 2020. "Reliability and validity of the UK Biobank cognitive tests," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-24, April.
    3. Yates, Thomas & Bakrania, Kishan & Zaccardi, Francesco & Dhalwani, Nafeesa N. & Hamer, Mark & Davies, Melanie J. & Khunti, Kamlesh, 2018. "Reaction time, cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in UK Biobank: An observational study," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 79-83.
    4. Cox, S.R. & Ritchie, S.J. & Fawns-Ritchie, C. & Tucker-Drob, E.M. & Deary, I.J., 2019. "Structural brain imaging correlates of general intelligence in UK Biobank," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Jonsdottir, Gudrun A. & Einarsson, Gudmundur & Thorleifsson, Gudmar & Magnusson, Sigurdur H. & Gunnarsson, Arni F. & Frigge, Michael L. & Gisladottir, Rosa S. & Unnsteinsdottir, Unnur & Gunnarsson, Bj, 2021. "Genetic propensities for verbal and spatial ability have opposite effects on body mass index and risk of schizophrenia," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    6. Scharfen, Jana & Peters, Judith Marie & Holling, Heinz, 2018. "Retest effects in cognitive ability tests: A meta-analysis," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 44-66.

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