IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0154222.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cognitive Test Scores in UK Biobank: Data Reduction in 480,416 Participants and Longitudinal Stability in 20,346 Participants

Author

Listed:
  • Donald M Lyall
  • Breda Cullen
  • Mike Allerhand
  • Daniel J Smith
  • Daniel Mackay
  • Jonathan Evans
  • Jana Anderson
  • Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
  • Andrew M McIntosh
  • Ian J Deary
  • Jill P Pell

Abstract

UK Biobank includes 502,649 middle- and older-aged adults from the general population who have undergone detailed phenotypic assessment. The majority of participants completed tests of cognitive functioning, and on average four years later a sub-group of N = 20,346 participants repeated most of the assessment. These measures will be used in a range of future studies of health outcomes in this cohort. The format and content of the cognitive tasks were partly novel. The aim of the present study was to validate and characterize the cognitive data: to describe the inter-correlational structure of the cognitive variables at baseline assessment, and the degree of stability in scores across longitudinal assessment. Baseline cognitive data were used to examine the inter-correlational/factor-structure, using principal components analysis (PCA). We also assessed the degree of stability in cognitive scores in the subsample of participants with repeat data. The different tests of cognitive ability showed significant raw inter-correlations in the expected directions. PCA suggested a one-factor solution (eigenvalue = 1.60), which accounted for around 40% of the variance. Scores showed varying levels of stability across time-points (intraclass correlation range = 0.16 to 0.65). UK Biobank cognitive data has the potential to be a significant resource for researchers looking to investigate predictors and modifiers of cognitive abilities and associated health outcomes in the general population.

Suggested Citation

  • Donald M Lyall & Breda Cullen & Mike Allerhand & Daniel J Smith & Daniel Mackay & Jonathan Evans & Jana Anderson & Chloe Fawns-Ritchie & Andrew M McIntosh & Ian J Deary & Jill P Pell, 2016. "Cognitive Test Scores in UK Biobank: Data Reduction in 480,416 Participants and Longitudinal Stability in 20,346 Participants," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(4), pages 1-10, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0154222
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154222
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154222
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154222&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0154222?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daniel J Smith & Barbara I Nicholl & Breda Cullen & Daniel Martin & Zia Ul-Haq & Jonathan Evans & Jason M R Gill & Beverly Roberts & John Gallacher & Daniel Mackay & Matthew Hotopf & Ian Deary & Nick , 2013. "Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder within UK Biobank: Cross-Sectional Study of 172,751 Participants," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-7, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Scharfen, Jana & Peters, Judith Marie & Holling, Heinz, 2018. "Retest effects in cognitive ability tests: A meta-analysis," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 44-66.
    2. Liina Mansukoski & Eef Hogervorst & Luis Fúrlan & J Andres Galvez-Sobral & Katherine Brooke-Wavell & Barry Bogin, 2019. "Instability in longitudinal childhood IQ scores of Guatemalan high SES individuals born between 1941-1953," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Chloe Fawns-Ritchie & Ian J Deary, 2020. "Reliability and validity of the UK Biobank cognitive tests," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-24, April.
    4. Yates, Thomas & Bakrania, Kishan & Zaccardi, Francesco & Dhalwani, Nafeesa N. & Hamer, Mark & Davies, Melanie J. & Khunti, Kamlesh, 2018. "Reaction time, cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in UK Biobank: An observational study," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 79-83.
    5. Cox, S.R. & Ritchie, S.J. & Fawns-Ritchie, C. & Tucker-Drob, E.M. & Deary, I.J., 2019. "Structural brain imaging correlates of general intelligence in UK Biobank," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Jonsdottir, Gudrun A. & Einarsson, Gudmundur & Thorleifsson, Gudmar & Magnusson, Sigurdur H. & Gunnarsson, Arni F. & Frigge, Michael L. & Gisladottir, Rosa S. & Unnsteinsdottir, Unnur & Gunnarsson, Bj, 2021. "Genetic propensities for verbal and spatial ability have opposite effects on body mass index and risk of schizophrenia," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aleksandr Talishinsky & Jonathan Downar & Petra E. Vértes & Jakob Seidlitz & Katharine Dunlop & Charles J. Lynch & Heather Whalley & Andrew McIntosh & Fidel Vila-Rodriguez & Zafiris J. Daskalakis & Da, 2022. "Regional gene expression signatures are associated with sex-specific functional connectivity changes in depression," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Jonsdottir, Gudrun A. & Einarsson, Gudmundur & Thorleifsson, Gudmar & Magnusson, Sigurdur H. & Gunnarsson, Arni F. & Frigge, Michael L. & Gisladottir, Rosa S. & Unnsteinsdottir, Unnur & Gunnarsson, Bj, 2021. "Genetic propensities for verbal and spatial ability have opposite effects on body mass index and risk of schizophrenia," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    3. Andras Gezsi & Sandra Auwera & Hannu Mäkinen & Nora Eszlari & Gabor Hullam & Tamas Nagy & Sarah Bonk & Rubèn González-Colom & Xenia Gonda & Linda Garvert & Teemu Paajanen & Zsofia Gal & Kevin Kirchner, 2024. "Unique genetic and risk-factor profiles in clusters of major depressive disorder-related multimorbidity trajectories," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    4. Avendano, Mauricio & de Coulon, Augustin & Nafilyan, Vahé, 2020. "Does longer compulsory schooling affect mental health? Evidence from a British reform," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0154222. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.