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Autism and Overcoming Job Barriers: Comparing Job-Related Barriers and Possible Solutions in and outside of Autism-Specific Employment

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  • Timo Lorenz
  • Cora Frischling
  • Raphael Cuadros
  • Kathrin Heinitz

Abstract

The aim of this study was to discover how individuals with autism succeed in entering the job market. We therefore sought to identify expected and occurred barriers, keeping them from taking up and staying in employment as well as to identify the solutions used to overcome these barriers. Sixty-six employed individuals with autism–17 of them with autism-specific employment–participated in an online survey. Results showed a variety of possible barriers. Individuals in autism-specific employment named formality problems–problems with organizational and practical process-related aspects of the job entry–most frequently while individuals in non-autism-specific employment mentioned social problems–obstacles concerning communication and human interaction–most. In terms of solutions, both groups used their own resources as much as external help, but differed in their specific strategies. In addition, correlations of an autism-specific employment with general and occupational self-efficacy as well as life and job satisfaction were examined. Possible implications of the results are discussed with regard to problem solving behavior and the use of strengths.

Suggested Citation

  • Timo Lorenz & Cora Frischling & Raphael Cuadros & Kathrin Heinitz, 2016. "Autism and Overcoming Job Barriers: Comparing Job-Related Barriers and Possible Solutions in and outside of Autism-Specific Employment," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0147040
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147040
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Timo Lorenz & Kathrin Heinitz, 2014. "Aspergers – Different, Not Less: Occupational Strengths and Job Interests of Individuals with Asperger's Syndrome," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-8, June.
    2. D. B. Dunson, 2000. "Bayesian latent variable models for clustered mixed outcomes," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 62(2), pages 355-366.
    3. Luthans, Fred & Luthans, Kyle W. & Luthans, Brett C., 2004. "Positive psychological capital: beyond human and social capital," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 45-50.
    4. D. Shin & D. Johnson, 1978. "Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of the quality of life," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 475-492, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Melissa Scott & Andrew Jacob & Delia Hendrie & Richard Parsons & Sonya Girdler & Torbjörn Falkmer & Marita Falkmer, 2017. "Employers’ perception of the costs and the benefits of hiring individuals with autism spectrum disorder in open employment in Australia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Carlton J. Fong & Joshua Taylor & Aynura Berdyyeva & Amanda M. McClelland & Kathleen M. Murphy & John D. Westbrook, 2021. "Interventions for improving employment outcomes for persons with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review update," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(3), September.
    3. Craig Thompson & Sven Bölte & Torbjörn Falkmer & Sonya Girdler, 2018. "To be understood: Transitioning to adult life for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(3), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Liron Lamash & Sonya Meyer, 2022. "Work-Related Self-Efficacy and Illness Identity in Adults with Autism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Coralie Fiori-Khayat, 2023. "In Search of Regained Time? Autism and Organizational [A]temporality in the Light of Humanistic Management," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 188(4), pages 665-679, December.
    6. Michał T. Tomczak & Paweł Ziemiański, 2023. "Autistic Employees’ Technology-Based Workplace Accommodation Preferences Survey—Preliminary Findings," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-11, May.
    7. Alexandra Barry & Elena Syurina & Mitzi Waltz, 2023. "Support Priorities of Autistic University Students and Careers Advisors: Understanding Differences, Building on Strengths," Disabilities, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-20, May.
    8. Schneid, Iris & Raz, Aviad E., 2020. "The mask of autism: Social camouflaging and impression management as coping/normalization from the perspectives of autistic adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).

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