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An Assessment of the Measurement Equivalence of English and French Versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale in Systemic Sclerosis

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  • Vanessa C Delisle
  • Linda Kwakkenbos
  • Marie Hudson
  • Murray Baron
  • Brett D Thombs
  • the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group

Abstract

Objectives: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale scores in English- and French-speaking Canadian systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients are commonly pooled in analyses, but no studies have evaluated the metric equivalence of the English and French CES-D. The study objective was to examine the metric equivalence of the CES-D in English- and French-speaking SSc patients. Methods: The CES-D was completed by 1007 English-speaking and 248 French-speaking patients from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group Registry. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the factor structure in both samples. The Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause (MIMIC) model was utilized to assess differential item functioning (DIF). Results: A two-factor model (Positive and Negative affect) showed excellent fit in both samples. Statistically significant, but small-magnitude, DIF was found for 3 of 20 CES-D items, including items 3 (Blues), 10 (Fearful), and 11 (Sleep). Prior to accounting for DIF, French-speaking patients had 0.08 of a standard deviation (SD) lower latent scores for the Positive factor (95% confidence interval [CI]−0.25 to 0.08) and 0.09 SD higher scores (95% CI−0.07 to 0.24) for the Negative factor than English-speaking patients. After DIF correction, there was no change on the Positive factor and a non-significant increase of 0.04 SD on the Negative factor for French-speaking patients (difference = 0.13 SD, 95% CI−0.03 to 0.28). Conclusions: The English and French versions of the CES-D, despite minor DIF on several items, are substantively equivalent and can be used in studies that combine data from English- and French-speaking Canadian SSc patients.

Suggested Citation

  • Vanessa C Delisle & Linda Kwakkenbos & Marie Hudson & Murray Baron & Brett D Thombs & the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, 2014. "An Assessment of the Measurement Equivalence of English and French Versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale in Systemic Sclerosis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(7), pages 1-7, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0102897
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102897
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Linda Kwakkenbos & Erin Arthurs & Frank H J van den Hoogen & Marie Hudson & Wim G J M van Lankveld & Murray Baron & Cornelia H M van den Ende & Brett D Thombs & for the Canadian Scleroderma Research G, 2013. "Cross-Language Measurement Equivalence of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale in Systemic Sclerosis: A Comparison of Canadian and Dutch Patients," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(1), pages 1-8, January.
    2. Ledyard Tucker & Charles Lewis, 1973. "A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 38(1), pages 1-10, March.
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    1. Gana, Kamel & Saada, Yaël & Broc, Guillaume & Quintard, Bruno & Amieva, Hélène & Dartigues, Jean-François, 2016. "As long as you've got your health: Longitudinal relationships between positive affect and functional health in old age," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 231-238.

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