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Social Variables Affecting Mate Preferences, Copulation and Reproductive Outcome in a Pack of Free-Ranging Dogs

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  • Simona Cafazzo
  • Roberto Bonanni
  • Paola Valsecchi
  • Eugenia Natoli

Abstract

Mating and reproductive outcome is often determined by the simultaneous operation of different mechanisms like intra-sexual competition, mating preferences and sexual coercion. The present study investigated how social variables affected mating outcome in a pack of free-ranging dogs, a species supposed to have lost most features of the social system of wolves during domestication. We found that, although the pack comprised multiple breeding individuals, both male copulation success and female reproductive success were positively influenced by a linear combination of dominance rank, age and leadership. Our results also suggest that mate preferences affect mating outcome by reinforcing the success of most dominant individuals. In particular, during their oestrous period bitches clearly searched for the proximity of high-ranking males who displayed affiliative behaviour towards them, while they were more likely to reject the males who intimidated them. At the same time, male courting effort and male-male competition for receptive females appeared to be stronger in the presence of higher-ranking females, suggesting a male preference for dominant females. To our knowledge, these results provide the first clear evidence of social regulation of reproductive activities in domestic dogs, and suggest that some common organizing mechanisms may contribute to shape the social organization of both dogs and wolves.

Suggested Citation

  • Simona Cafazzo & Roberto Bonanni & Paola Valsecchi & Eugenia Natoli, 2014. "Social Variables Affecting Mate Preferences, Copulation and Reproductive Outcome in a Pack of Free-Ranging Dogs," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-14, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0098594
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098594
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shinichi Nakagawa, 2004. "A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 15(6), pages 1044-1045, November.
    2. Simona Cafazzo & Paola Valsecchi & Roberto Bonanni & Eugenia Natoli, 2010. "Dominance in relation to age, sex, and competitive contexts in a group of free-ranging domestic dogs," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 21(3), pages 443-455.
    3. Daniel R. MacNulty & Douglas W. Smith & L. David Mech & John A. Vucetich & Craig Packer, 2012. "Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 23(1), pages 75-82.
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