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Measuring Exposure in Hurricane Katrina: A Meta-Analysis and an Integrative Data Analysis

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  • Christian S Chan
  • Jean E Rhodes

Abstract

To date there is no consensus on the operationalization of exposure severity in the study of the impact of natural disasters. This is problematic because incomplete and inconsistent measurement of exposure limits the internal and external validity of disaster studies. The current paper examined the predictive validity of severity measures in two interrelated studies of Hurricane Katrina survivors. First, in a meta-analysis of eight studies that measured both exposure severity and posttraumatic stress, the effect size was estimated to be r = .266. The moderating effects of sample and study characteristics were examined and we found that minority status and number of stressors assessed were significant moderators. Second, in an integrative data analysis of five independent samples of Hurricane Katrina survivors, the impact of specific disaster-related stressors on mental health was compared. Threat to physical integrity of self and others were found to have the strongest association with posttraumatic stress (PTS) and general psychological distress (GPD). The lack of basic necessities, such as food, water, and medical care, and loss of pet were also found to be strongly associated with both PTS and GPD. The results from the two studies are integrated and their implication for disaster research and relief are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian S Chan & Jean E Rhodes, 2014. "Measuring Exposure in Hurricane Katrina: A Meta-Analysis and an Integrative Data Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0092899
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092899
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Williams, D.R. & Neighbors, H.W. & Jackson, J.S., 2003. "Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(2), pages 200-208.
    2. Sue Duval & Richard Tweedie, 2000. "Trim and Fill: A Simple Funnel-Plot–Based Method of Testing and Adjusting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 56(2), pages 455-463, June.
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    1. Benjamin F. Springgate & Armen C. Arevian & Ashley Wennerstrom & Arthur J. Johnson & David P. Eisenman & Olivia K. Sugarman & Catherine G. Haywood & Edward J. Trapido & Cathy D. Sherbourne & Ashley Ev, 2018. "Community Resilience Learning Collaborative and Research Network (C-LEARN): Study Protocol with Participatory Planning for a Randomized, Comparative Effectiveness Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Yonatan Carl & Andy Vega & Gina Cardona-Acevedo & Marina Stukova & Melissa Matos-Rivera & Anamaris Torres-Sanchez & Melissa Milián-Rodríguez & Brian Torres-Mercado & Grisel Burgos & Raymond L. Trembla, 2022. "Post-Hurricane Distress Scale (PHDS): Determination of General and Disorder-Specific Cutoff Scores," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, April.
    3. Chan, Christian S. & Lowe, Sarah R. & Weber, Elyssa & Rhodes, Jean E., 2015. "The contribution of pre- and postdisaster social support to short- and long-term mental health after Hurricanes Katrina: A longitudinal study of low-income survivors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 38-43.
    4. Damien Metregiste & Denis Boucaud-Maitre & Lyderic Aubert & Lazare Noubou & Louis Jehel, 2020. "Explanatory factors of post-traumatic distress and burnout among hospital staff 6 months after Hurricane Irma in Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthelemy," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Morris, Katherine Ann & Deterding, Nicole M., 2016. "The emotional cost of distance: Geographic social network dispersion and post-traumatic stress among survivors of Hurricane Katrina," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 56-65.

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