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Post-Hurricane Distress Scale (PHDS): Determination of General and Disorder-Specific Cutoff Scores

Author

Listed:
  • Yonatan Carl

    (San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00726, Puerto Rico)

  • Andy Vega

    (Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Gina Cardona-Acevedo

    (Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón 00960, Puerto Rico)

  • Marina Stukova

    (University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA)

  • Melissa Matos-Rivera

    (San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00726, Puerto Rico)

  • Anamaris Torres-Sanchez

    (San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00726, Puerto Rico)

  • Melissa Milián-Rodríguez

    (San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00726, Puerto Rico)

  • Brian Torres-Mercado

    (San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00726, Puerto Rico)

  • Grisel Burgos

    (San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00726, Puerto Rico)

  • Raymond L. Tremblay

    (San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00726, Puerto Rico)

Abstract

The Post-Hurricane Distress Scale (PHDS) was developed to assess mental health risk in the aftermath of hurricanes. We derive both disorder-specific cutoff values and a single nonspecific cutoff for the PHDS for field use by disaster relief and mental health workers. Data from 672 adult residents of Puerto Rico, sampled 3 to 12 months after Hurricane Maria, were collected. Participants completed a five-tool questionnaire packet: PHDS, Kessler K6, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM V (PCL-5). ROC curves, AUC values, sensitivities, specificities, Youden’s index, and LR+ ratios are reported. The recommended single cutoff value for the PHDS is 41, whereby a respondent with a PHDS score of 41 or above is deemed high-risk for a mental health disorder. The single field use PHDS cutoff demonstrated high specificity (0.80), an LR + ratio (2.84), and a sensitivity of 0.56. The mean ROC values of PHDS for Kessler K6, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7, and PCL-5 were all above 0.74. The derived cutoff for the PHDS allows efficient assessment of respondents’ and/or a community’s risk status for mental health disorders in the aftermath of hurricanes and natural disasters.

Suggested Citation

  • Yonatan Carl & Andy Vega & Gina Cardona-Acevedo & Marina Stukova & Melissa Matos-Rivera & Anamaris Torres-Sanchez & Melissa Milián-Rodríguez & Brian Torres-Mercado & Grisel Burgos & Raymond L. Trembla, 2022. "Post-Hurricane Distress Scale (PHDS): Determination of General and Disorder-Specific Cutoff Scores," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5204-:d:801720
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christian S Chan & Jean E Rhodes, 2014. "Measuring Exposure in Hurricane Katrina: A Meta-Analysis and an Integrative Data Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-15, April.
    2. López-Ratón, Mónica & Rodríguez-Álvarez, María Xosé & Cadarso-Suárez, Carmen & Gude-Sampedro, Francisco, 2014. "OptimalCutpoints: An R Package for Selecting Optimal Cutpoints in Diagnostic Tests," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 61(i08).
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    Cited by:

    1. Lennart Reifels & Michel L. A. Dückers, 2023. "Disaster Mental Health Risk Reduction: Appraising Disaster Mental Health Research as If Risk Mattered," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-14, May.

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