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Salience and Valence of Appearance in a Population with a Visible Difference of Appearance: Direct and Moderated Relationships with Self-Consciousness, Anxiety and Depression

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  • Timothy P Moss
  • Victoria Lawson
  • Paul White
  • The Appearance Research Collaboration

Abstract

Psychometric measures of appearance salience and valence, CARSAL and CARVAL, have been previously demonstrated to be key factors underpinning appearance related self-consciousness and negative affect in the general population. However, the extent to which the scales are appropriate for people with a visibly different appearance has not previously been reported. Neither has the moderating effect of appearance salience (CARSAL) on the relationship between appearance valence (CARVAL) and appearance self-consciousness, previously shown in a general population sample, been replicated with people who are visibly different. Twelve hundred and sixty five participants with a visible difference in either secondary care (n = 651) or the community (n = 614) provided data. Analysis confirmed the psychometric qualities of both CARSAL and CARVAL, and the conceptual independence of each scale. The scales also demonstrated independent and interdependent relationships with social anxiety and avoidance in relation to appearance, depression and anxiety. Appearance salience moderated the relationship with valence on these psychosocial measures. In summary, this paper corroborates the use of CARSAL and CARVAL with both visibly different and general adult populations for the measurement of appearance salience and valence.

Suggested Citation

  • Timothy P Moss & Victoria Lawson & Paul White & The Appearance Research Collaboration, 2014. "Salience and Valence of Appearance in a Population with a Visible Difference of Appearance: Direct and Moderated Relationships with Self-Consciousness, Anxiety and Depression," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-8, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0088435
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088435
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Timothy P Moss & Benjamin A Rosser, 2012. "The Moderated Relationship of Appearance Valence on Appearance Self Consciousness: Development and Testing of New Measures of Appearance Schema Components," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(11), pages 1-7, November.
    3. John Horn, 1965. "A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 30(2), pages 179-185, June.
    4. ,, 2000. "Problems And Solutions," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 287-299, April.
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    1. Ingela Lundin Kvalem & Cynthia A. Graham & Gert Martin Hald & Ana Alexandra Carvalheira & Erick Janssen & Aleksandar Štulhofer, 2020. "The role of body image in sexual satisfaction among partnered older adults: a population-based study in four European countries," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 163-173, June.

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