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Common and unique factors influencing daily swap returns in the Nordic electricity market, 1997-2005

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  • Frestad, Dennis

Abstract

This paper demonstrates that electricity swap returns can be explained by a set of uncorrelated common and unique risk factors. Electricity swap returns differ from return data in other markets by a significant portion of overall risk being unaccounted for by common factors. It follows that hedging a given exposure with an exposure in another segment of the swap market could be fallible. Furthermore, the volatility function common to all swaps may have to be augmented by unique risk in applied pricing applications.

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  • Frestad, Dennis, 2008. "Common and unique factors influencing daily swap returns in the Nordic electricity market, 1997-2005," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 1081-1097, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:30:y:2008:i:3:p:1081-1097
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    Cited by:

    1. Chai, Shanglei & Zhang, Xichun & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Chen, Huizheng & Lucey, Brian & Hajek, Petr, 2023. "An optimized GRT model with blockchain digital smart contracts for power generation enterprises," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    2. Deschatre, Thomas & Féron, Olivier & Gruet, Pierre, 2021. "A survey of electricity spot and futures price models for risk management applications," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    3. Benth, Fred Espen & Koekebakker, Steen, 2008. "Stochastic modeling of financial electricity contracts," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 1116-1157, May.
    4. Dennis Frestad & Fred Espen Benth & Steen Koekebakker, 2010. "Modeling Term Structure Dynamics in the Nordic Electricity Swap Market," The Energy Journal, , vol. 31(2), pages 53-86, April.
    5. Nicola Secomandi & Guoming Lai & François Margot & Alan Scheller-Wolf & Duane J. Seppi, 2015. "Merchant Commodity Storage and Term-Structure Model Error," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 17(3), pages 302-320, July.
    6. Iván Blanco & Juan Ignacio Peña & Rosa Rodríguez, 2018. "Modelling Electricity Swaps with Stochastic Forward Premium Models," The Energy Journal, , vol. 39(2), pages 1-34, March.
    7. Fred Espen Benth & Paul Kruhner, 2014. "Derivatives pricing in energy markets: an infinite dimensional approach," Papers 1412.7943, arXiv.org.
    8. Thomas Deschatre & Olivier F'eron & Pierre Gruet, 2021. "A survey of electricity spot and futures price models for risk management applications," Papers 2103.16918, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2021.
    9. Fred Espen Benth & Nils Detering & Silvia Lavagnini, 2020. "Accuracy of Deep Learning in Calibrating HJM Forward Curves," Papers 2006.01911, arXiv.org, revised May 2021.
    10. Iván Blanco, Juan Ignacio Peña, and Rosa Rodriguez, 2018. "Modelling Electricity Swaps with Stochastic Forward Premium Models," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2).
    11. Secomandi, Nicola & Seppi, Duane J., 2014. "Real Options and Merchant Operations of Energy and Other Commodities," Foundations and Trends(R) in Technology, Information and Operations Management, now publishers, vol. 6(3-4), pages 161-331, July.
    12. Benth, Fred Espen & Paraschiv, Florentina, 2016. "A Structural Model for Electricity Forward Prices," Working Papers on Finance 1611, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance.
    13. Fred Espen Benth & Nils Detering & Silvia Lavagnini, 2021. "Accuracy of deep learning in calibrating HJM forward curves," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 3(3), pages 209-248, December.
    14. Benth, Fred Espen & Paraschiv, Florentina, 2018. "A space-time random field model for electricity forward prices," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 203-216.
    15. Frestad, Dennis, 2012. "Liquidity and dirty hedging in the Nordic electricity market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1341-1355.

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