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Job Strain, Job Insecurity, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Women’s Health Study: Results from a 10-Year Prospective Study

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  • Natalie Slopen
  • Robert J Glynn
  • Julie E Buring
  • Tené T Lewis
  • David R Williams
  • Michelle A Albert

Abstract

Objectives: Research about work-related stressors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has produced mixed findings. Moreover, a paucity of data exists regarding the long-term associations between job strain and job insecurity and CVD among women. Methods: We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the relationship between job strain, job insecurity, and incident CVD over 10 years of follow-up among 22,086 participants in the Women’s Health Study (mean age 57±5 years). Results: During 10 years of follow-up there were 170 myocardial infarctions (MI), 163 ischemic strokes, 440 coronary revascularizations, and 52 CVD deaths. In models adjusted for age, race, education, and income, women with high job strain (high demand, low control) were 38% more likely to experience a CVD event than their counterparts who reported low job strain (low demand, high control; Rate Ratio (RR) = 1.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.08–1.77), and women with active jobs (high demand, high control) were 38% more likely to experience a CVD event relative to women who reported low job strain (95% CI = 1.07–1.77). Outcome-specific analyses revealed that high job strain predicted non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR = 1.67, CI = 1.04–2.70), and coronary revascularization (RR = 1.41, CI = 1.05–1.90). No evidence of an association between job insecurity and long-term CVD risk was observed. Conclusion: High strain and active jobs, but not job insecurity, were related to increased CVD risk among women. Both job strain and job insecurity were significantly related to CVD risk factors. With the increase of women in the workforce, these data emphasize the importance of addressing job strain in CVD prevention efforts among working women.

Suggested Citation

  • Natalie Slopen & Robert J Glynn & Julie E Buring & Tené T Lewis & David R Williams & Michelle A Albert, 2012. "Job Strain, Job Insecurity, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Women’s Health Study: Results from a 10-Year Prospective Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(7), pages 1-10, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0040512
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040512
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karasek, R. & Baker, D. & Marxer, F. & Ahlbom, A. & Theorell, T., 1981. "Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: A prospective study of Swedish men," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 71(7), pages 694-705.
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    2. Taouk, Yamna & Spittal, Matthew J. & Milner, Allison J. & LaMontagne, Anthony D., 2020. "All-cause mortality and the time-varying effects of psychosocial work stressors: A retrospective cohort study using the HILDA survey," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    3. Gianfranco Alicandro & Paola Bertuccio & Gabriella Sebastiani & Carlo La Vecchia & Luisa Frova, 2020. "Long working hours and cardiovascular mortality: a census-based cohort study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 65(3), pages 257-266, April.
    4. Aimee J. Palumbo & Anneclaire J. De Roos & Carolyn Cannuscio & Lucy Robinson & Jana Mossey & Julie Weitlauf & Lorena Garcia & Robert Wallace & Yvonne Michael, 2017. "Work Characteristics Associated with Physical Functioning in Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, April.
    5. Rita Chiesa & Luca Fazi & Dina Guglielmi & Marco Giovanni Mariani, 2018. "Enhancing Substainability: Psychological Capital, Perceived Employability, and Job Insecurity in Different Work Contract Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-10, July.
    6. Laura Linnan & Gabriela Arandia & Lori A. Bateman & Amber Vaughn & Natalie Smith & Dianne Ward, 2017. "The Health and Working Conditions of Women Employed in Child Care," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-14, March.
    7. Gianfranco Alicandro & Paola Bertuccio & Gabriella Sebastiani & Carlo La Vecchia & Luisa Frova, 0. "Long working hours and cardiovascular mortality: a census-based cohort study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 0, pages 1-10.
    8. Adam M. Lippert & Grace Venechuk, 2020. "Job Decision Latitude Lowers Worker Stress, but for Whom? Results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 39(6), pages 1009-1017, December.
    9. Clarine M. Jacobs, 2019. "Ineffective-Leader-Induced Occupational Stress," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(2), pages 21582440198, June.
    10. Harry Becher & Maureen F. Dollard & Peter Smith & Jian Li, 2018. "Predicting Circulatory Diseases from Psychosocial Safety Climate: A Prospective Cohort Study from Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-10, February.

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