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Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iran

Author

Listed:
  • Mehdi Javanbakht
  • Hamid R Baradaran
  • Atefeh Mashayekhi
  • Ali Akbar Haghdoost
  • Mohammad E Khamseh
  • Erfan Kharazmi
  • Aboozar Sadeghi

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is a worldwide high prevalence chronic progressive disease that poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed economic burden of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications in Iran in 2009 year. Methods: This is a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study focusing on quantifying direct health care costs by bottom-up approach. Data on inpatient hospital services, outpatient clinic visits, physician services, drugs, laboratory test, education and non-medical cost were collected from two national registries. The human capital approach was used to calculate indirect costs separately in male and female and also among different age groups. Results: The total national cost of diagnosed T2DM in 2009 is estimated at 3.78 billion USA dollars (USD) including 2.04±0.28 billion direct (medical and non-medical) costs and indirect costs of 1.73 million. Average direct and indirect cost per capita was 842.6±102 and 864.8 USD respectively. Complications (48.9%) and drugs (23.8%) were main components of direct cost. The largest components of medical expenditures attributed to diabetes's complications are cardiovascular disease (42.3% of total Complications cost), nephropathy (23%) and ophthalmic complications (14%). Indirect costs include temporarily disability (335.7 million), permanent disability (452.4 million) and reduced productivity due to premature mortality (950.3 million). Conclusions: T2DM is a costly disease in the Iran healthcare system and consume more than 8.69% of total health expenditure. In addition to these quantified costs, T2DM imposes high intangible costs on society in terms of reduced quality of life. Identification of effective new strategies for the control of diabetes and its complications is a public health priority.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehdi Javanbakht & Hamid R Baradaran & Atefeh Mashayekhi & Ali Akbar Haghdoost & Mohammad E Khamseh & Erfan Kharazmi & Aboozar Sadeghi, 2011. "Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iran," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(10), pages 1-7, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0026864
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026864
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Molina, Begoña & Monereo, Susana, 2003. "Direct healthcare costs of diabetes mellitus patients in Spain," UC3M Working papers. Economics we036827, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    2. John Posnett & Stephen Jan, 1996. "Indirect cost in economic evaluation: The opportunity cost of unpaid inputs," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 5(1), pages 13-23, January.
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    1. Si Thu Win Tin & George Iro & Eva Gadabu & Ruth Colagiuri, 2015. "Counting the Cost of Diabetes in the Solomon Islands and Nauru," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Mehdi Javanbakht & Atefeh Mashayekhi & Hamid R Baradaran & AliAkbar Haghdoost & Ashkan Afshin, 2015. "Projection of Diabetes Population Size and Associated Economic Burden through 2030 in Iran: Evidence from Micro-Simulation Markov Model and Bayesian Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Tien Thanh, Pham & Bao Duong, Pham, 2022. "The economic burden of non-communicable diseases on households and their coping mechanisms: Evidence from rural Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    4. Muhammad Daoud Butt & Siew Chin Ong & Muhammad Umar Wahab & Muhammad Fawad Rasool & Fahad Saleem & Adnan Hashmi & Ahsan Sajjad & Furqan Aslam Chaudhry & Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar, 2022. "Cost of Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Findings from a Lower-Middle Income Country," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Shamal Shivneel Chand & Baljeet Singh & Sanjesh Kumar, 2020. "The economic burden of non-communicable disease mortality in the South Pacific: Evidence from Fiji," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, July.
    6. Charmaine Shuyu Ng & Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh & Yu Ko & Joyce Yu-Chia Lee, 2015. "Direct Medical Cost of Type 2 Diabetes in Singapore," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-11, March.
    7. Rahill Sadat Shahtaheri & Yahya Bayazidi & Majid Davari & Abbas Kebriaeezadeh & Sepideh Yousefi & Alireza Mahdavi Hezaveh & Abolfazl Sadeghi & Ahmed Hayder Mohsin Lami & Hadi Abbasian, 2022. "Long-term cost-effectiveness of quality of diabetes care; experiences from private and public diabetes centers in Iran," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.
    8. Lan Gao & Hao Hu & Fei-Li Zhao & Shu-Chuen Li, 2016. "Can the Direct Medical Cost of Chronic Disease Be Transferred across Different Countries? Using Cost-of-Illness Studies on Type 2 Diabetes, Epilepsy and Schizophrenia as Examples," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, January.
    9. Hedyeh Ebrahimi & Farhad Pishgar & Moein Yoosefi & Sedighe Moradi & Nazila Rezaei & Shirin Djalalinia & Mitra Modirian & Niloofar Peykari & Shohreh Naderimagham & Rosa Haghshenas & Saral Rahimi & Hami, 2019. "Insulin pen use and diabetes treatment goals: A study from Iran STEPS 2016 survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(8), pages 1-12, August.

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