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Individual Analyses of Lévy Walk in Semi-Free Ranging Tonkean Macaques (Macaca tonkeana)

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  • Cédric Sueur
  • Léa Briard
  • Odile Petit

Abstract

Animals adapt their movement patterns to their environment in order to maximize their efficiency when searching for food. The Lévy walk and the Brownian walk are two types of random movement found in different species. Studies have shown that these random movements can switch from a Brownian to a Lévy walk according to the size distribution of food patches. However no study to date has analysed how characteristics such as sex, age, dominance or body mass affect the movement patterns of an individual. In this study we used the maximum likelihood method to examine the nature of the distribution of step lengths and waiting times and assessed how these distributions are influenced by the age and the sex of group members in a semi free-ranging group of ten Tonkean macaques. Individuals highly differed in their activity budget and in their movement patterns. We found an effect of age and sex of individuals on the power distribution of their step lengths and of their waiting times. The males and old individuals displayed a higher proportion of longer trajectories than females and young ones. As regards waiting times, females and old individuals displayed higher rates of long stationary periods than males and young individuals. These movement patterns resembling random walks can probably be explained by the animals moving from one location to other known locations. The power distribution of step lengths might be due to a power distribution of food patches in the enclosure while the power distribution of waiting times might be due to the power distribution of the patch sizes.

Suggested Citation

  • Cédric Sueur & Léa Briard & Odile Petit, 2011. "Individual Analyses of Lévy Walk in Semi-Free Ranging Tonkean Macaques (Macaca tonkeana)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(10), pages 1-8, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0026788
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026788
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. G. M. Viswanathan & Sergey V. Buldyrev & Shlomo Havlin & M. G. E. da Luz & E. P. Raposo & H. Eugene Stanley, 1999. "Optimizing the success of random searches," Nature, Nature, vol. 401(6756), pages 911-914, October.
    2. Cédric Sueur & Jean-Louis Deneubourg & Odile Petit & Iain D Couzin, 2010. "Differences in Nutrient Requirements Imply a Non-Linear Emergence of Leaders in Animal Groups," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(9), pages 1-9, September.
    3. Boyer, D. & Miramontes, O. & Ramos-Fernández, G. & Mateos, J.L. & Cocho, G., 2004. "Modeling the searching behavior of social monkeys," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 342(1), pages 329-335.
    4. Cédric Sueur, 2011. "A Non-Lévy Random Walk in Chacma Baboons: What Does It Mean?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(1), pages 1-5, January.
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