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An evaluation of Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study

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  • Lindsey Smith Taillie
  • Marcela Reyes
  • M Arantxa Colchero
  • Barry Popkin
  • Camila Corvalán

Abstract

Background: Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising, implemented in 2016, was the first national regulation to jointly mandate front-of-package warning labels, restrict child-directed marketing, and ban sales in schools of all foods and beverages containing added sugars, sodium, or saturated fats that exceed set nutrient or calorie thresholds. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of this package of policies on household beverage purchases. Method and findings: In this observational study, monthly longitudinal data on packaged beverage purchases were collected from urban-dwelling households (n = 2,383) participating in the Kantar WordPanel Chile Survey from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. Beverage purchases were linked to nutritional information at the product level, reviewed by a team of nutritionists, and categorized as “high-in” or “not high-in” according to whether they contained high levels of nutrients of concern (i.e., sugars, sodium, saturated fat, or energy) according to Chilean nutrient thresholds and were thus subject to the law’s warning label, marketing restriction, and school sales ban policies. The majority of high-in beverages were categorized as such because of high sugar content. We used fixed-effects models to compare the observed volume as well as calorie and sugar content of postregulation beverage purchases to a counterfactual based on preregulation trends, overall and by household-head educational attainment. Of households included in the study, 37% of household heads had low education (less than high school), 40% had medium education (graduated high school), and 23% had high education (graduated college), with the sample becoming more educated over the study period. Compared to the counterfactual, the volume of high-in beverage purchases decreased 22.8 mL/capita/day, postregulation (95% confidence interval [CI] −22.9 to −22.7; p

Suggested Citation

  • Lindsey Smith Taillie & Marcela Reyes & M Arantxa Colchero & Barry Popkin & Camila Corvalán, 2020. "An evaluation of Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(2), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pmed00:1003015
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015
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    Cited by:

    1. Lorena Saavedra-Garcia & Miguel Moscoso-Porras & Francisco Diez-Canseco, 2022. "An Experimental Study Evaluating the Influence of Front-of-Package Warning Labels on Adolescent’s Purchase Intention of Processed Food Products," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11, January.
    2. Stacey, Nicholas & Edoka, Ijeoma & Hofman, Karen & Swart, Elizabeth C & Popkin, Barry & Ng, Shu Wen, 2021. "Changes in beverage purchases following the announcement and implementation of South Africa's Health Promotion Levy: an observational study," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 109878, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Alvarado, Miriam & Penney, Tarra L. & Unwin, Nigel & Murphy, Madhuvanti M. & Adams, Jean, 2021. "Evidence of a health risk ‘signalling effect’ following the introduction of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    4. Shivneta Singh & Ashika Naicker & Sinenhlanhla Ntokozo Memela, 2021. "Categorizing Foods by Relative Healthfulness: A Scoping Review of Front of Pack Labelling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-16, November.
    5. I. D. Brouwer & M. J. Liere & A. Brauw & P. Dominguez-Salas & A. Herforth & G. Kennedy & C. Lachat & E. B. Omosa & E. F. Talsma & S. Vandevijvere & J. Fanzo & M. Ruel, 2021. "Reverse thinking: taking a healthy diet perspective towards food systems transformations," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 13(6), pages 1497-1523, December.
    6. Agossadou, Arsene J. & De Marchi, Elisa & Restrepo, Brandon J. & Lim, Kar Ho & Kuchler, Fred & Nayga, Rodolfo M., 2024. "Impacts of Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling on Consumers and the Food Industry: A Meta-Analysis," 2024 Annual Meeting, July 28-30, New Orleans, LA 343886, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    7. Otilia Vanessa Cordero-Ahiman & Jorge Leonardo Vanegas & Cecilia Alexandra Fernández-Lucero & Daniela Fernanda Torres-Torres & Víctor Dante Ayaviri-Nina & Gabith Miriam Quispe-Fernández, 2022. "Responsible Marketing in the Traffic Light Labeling of Food Products in Ecuador: Perceptions of Cuenca Consumers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-17, March.
    8. Gary Sacks & Ella Robinson & Adrian J. Cameron & Lana Vanderlee & Stefanie Vandevijvere & Boyd Swinburn, 2020. "Benchmarking the Nutrition-Related Policies and Commitments of Major Food Companies in Australia, 2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-23, August.
    9. Paraje, Guillermo & Colchero, Arantxa & Wlasiuk, Juan Marcos & Sota, Antonio Martner & Popkin, Barry M., 2021. "The effects of the Chilean food policy package on aggregate employment and real wages," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    10. Rybak, Garrett & Burton, Scot & Berry, Christopher, 2024. "Reducing the negative impact of ultra-processed foods: Consumer response to natural claims, organic claims, and processing level disclosures," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    11. Mockshell, Jonathan & Ogutu, Sylvester O. & Álvarez, Diego & Asante-Addo, Collins & Asante, Felix A., 2022. "How healthy and food secure is the urban food environment in Ghana?," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 26(C).
    12. Aranza Valenzuela & Leandro Zambrano & Rocío Velásquez & Catalina Groff & Tania Apablaza & Cecilia Riffo & Sandra Moldenhauer & Pamela Brisso & Marcell Leonario-Rodriguez, 2022. "Discrepancy between Food Classification Systems: Evaluation of Nutri-Score, NOVA Classification and Chilean Front-of-Package Food Warning Labels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-13, November.
    13. Marissa G. Hall & Isabella C. A. Higgins & Anna H. Grummon & Allison J. Lazard & Carmen E. Prestemon & Jennifer Mendel Sheldon & Lindsey Smith Taillie, 2021. "Using a Naturalistic Store Laboratory for Clinical Trials of Point-of-Sale Nutrition Policies and Interventions: A Feasibility and Validation Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-12, August.
    14. Fanzo, Jessica & McLaren, Rebecca & Bellows, Alexandra & Carducci, Bianca, 2023. "Challenges and opportunities for increasing the effectiveness of food reformulation and fortification to improve dietary and nutrition outcomes," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).

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