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Community Influences on Schooling and Work Activity of Youth in Pakistan

Author

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  • Valerie L. Durrant

    (Population Council, Islamabad.)

Abstract

The schooling and work activities of youth remain fundamental to their human capital development. Yet we have limited understanding of factors influencing these activities in Pakistan and elsewhere. The bulk of research on children’s work and schooling looks primarily to household-level factors to explain current rates. As such, activities’ of youth are viewed as a product of family strategies for confronting poverty. On the other hand, the influences at the community level on work and schooling of youth have received relatively little attention and remain largely undeveloped in the literature. Further, work and schooling activities remain are usually investigated separately in the analyses. Most studies focus on either the work activities or schooling of youth, despite recent appeals to examine these activities simultaneously [DeGraff, Bilsborrow and Herrin (1993); Mahmood, Javaid and Baig (1994) and Weiner and Noman (1997)]. The purpose of this paper is to assess the participation of youth in work and schooling activities and the way household and community factors shape these activities. I address two central research questions in this paper. First, what is the distribution of Pakistani youth in work and schooling activities? Second, what factors influence the likelihood that youth engage in work and/or schooling? Particularly, what is the influence of community-level factors (specifically, availability of schools, wage returns to education, and infrastructure development) on the activities of youth?

Suggested Citation

  • Valerie L. Durrant, 1998. "Community Influences on Schooling and Work Activity of Youth in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 37(4), pages 915-937.
  • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:37:y:1998:i:4:p:915-937
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    File URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1998/Volume4/915-937.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Moazam Mahmood & Tariq Javaid & Ajmal Baig, 1994. "Why Children do not Go to School in Pakistan-Some Estimates and a Theoretical Framework," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 33(4), pages 1231-1248.
    2. Stephen Nickell & D Nicolitsas, 1994. "Wages," CEP Discussion Papers dp0219, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    3. White, Halbert, 1980. "A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 817-838, May.
    4. Nadeem A. Burney & Mohammad Irfan, 1991. "Parental Characteristics, Supply of Schools, and Child School-enrolment in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 30(1), pages 21-62.
    5. Robert E. Evenson, 1978. "Time Allocation in Rural Philippine Households," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 60(2), pages 322-330.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmed, Syed Shujaat & Haider, Waqas & Khan, Dilawar, 2012. "Determinants of Child Labor in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: An Econometric Analysis," MPRA Paper 73526, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Lutfullah Lutf & Shahadat I Haq Yasini, 2018. "Factors Contributing to Child Labor in Afghanistan: A Case Study in Jalalabad City," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 348-372, September.
    3. Kulsoom, Rafia, 2007. "Child Labor at District Level: A Case Study of Rawalpindi," MPRA Paper 17224, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Karamat Ali & Rana Ejaz Ali Khan, 2004. "Simultaneous Decision Making of Child Schooling and Child Labour in Pakistani Urban Households," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 127-148, Jan-June.
    5. Zeba A. Sathar & Asif Wazir & Maqsood Sadiq, 2013. "Struggling against the Odds of Poverty, Access, and Gender: Secondary Schooling for Girls in Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 18(Special E), pages 67-92, September.
    6. Rana Ejaz Ali Khan & Karamat Ali, 2005. "Who Are Schooled in Urban Pakistan?," HEW 0505003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Toseef Azid & Rana Ejaz Ali Khan, 2010. "Who are the children going to school in Urban Punjab (Pakistan)?," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 37(6), pages 442-465, May.
    8. Rana Ejaz Ali Khan & Karamat Ali, 2003. "Determinants of Schooling in Rural Areas of Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 8(2), pages 99-122, Jul-Dec.
    9. Rana Ejaz Ali Khan, 2003. "Children in Different Activities: Child Schooling and Child Labour," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 42(2), pages 137-160.

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