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Transmisión educativa intergeneracional en el Perú: un cálculo para las generaciones nacidas entre 1950-1989

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  • Javier Torres
  • Fiorella Parra
  • Jorge Rubio

Abstract

Este estudio estima la relación entre los años de educación de jefes de hogar y sus padres. Se observa a las generaciones nacidas entre 1950 y 1989 en el Perú, utilizando múltiples años de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares. Ello nos permite analizar con mayor detalle la evolución general de la movilidad social en el país, así como la de diferentes grupos demográficos, geográficos y étnicos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se encuentra que la relación entre el nivel educativo de los padres para con sus hijos es positiva y significativa a lo largo de todo el periodo analizado. Sin embargo, el coeficiente beta de transmisión educativa intergeneracional disminuye marcadamente a través de las décadas estudiadas; es decir, se observa un aumento del grado de movilidad y oportunidades de mejora educativa. El coeficiente beta de transmisión es bastante elevado para aquellos nacidos entre 1950 y 1959 (0,74), pero menor a 0,45 para aquellos nacidos entre 1980 y 1989. Asimismo, el coeficiente de transmisión intergeneracional presenta marcadas disparidades y tendencias desiguales, de acuerdo con el grupo analizado. La reducción del coeficiente beta de los jefes de hogar mujeres es superior a la de los jefes de hogar hombres. Aquellos jefes de hogar autoidentificados como «mestizo» y nacidos entre 1980 y 1989 presentan un coeficiente beta de 0,41; mientras que aquellos autoidentificados como «negro o mulato» del mismo cohorte presentan un coeficiente de 0,59. El grupo identificado como «negro o mulato» es el que experimenta la menor reducción del coeficiente beta a lo largo de los años.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Torres & Fiorella Parra & Jorge Rubio, 2018. "Transmisión educativa intergeneracional en el Perú: un cálculo para las generaciones nacidas entre 1950-1989," Revista Economía, Fondo Editorial - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, vol. 41(81), pages 101-124.
  • Handle: RePEc:pcp:pucrev:y:2018:i:81:p:101-124
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    movilidad social; oportunidades socioeconómicas; transmisión educativa intergeneracional;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J62 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Job, Occupational and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion

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