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Fund Performance and Equity Lending: Why Lend What You Can Sell?

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  • Richard Evans
  • Miguel A. Ferreira
  • Melissa Porras Prado

Abstract

The dramatic increase in the percentage of mutual funds lending equities suggests that lending fees are an increasingly important source of income for investment advisors. We find that funds that lend equities underperform otherwise similar funds in spite of lending income. The effect of lending is concentrated in funds that cannot act on the short-selling signal due investment restrictions set by the fund family to diversify their fund offerings across styles. Our findings suggest that the family organization explains why fund managers lend, rather than sell, stocks with short selling demand.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Evans & Miguel A. Ferreira & Melissa Porras Prado, 2017. "Fund Performance and Equity Lending: Why Lend What You Can Sell?," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 21(3), pages 1093-1121.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:revfin:v:21:y:2017:i:3:p:1093-1121.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brent, Averil & Morse, Dale & Stice, E. Kay, 1990. "Short Interest: Explanations and Tests," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(2), pages 273-289, June.
    2. Chen, Honghui & Desai, Hemang & Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan, 2013. "A First Look at Mutual Funds That Use Short Sales," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(3), pages 761-787, June.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Greppmair, Stefan & Jank, Stephan & Saffi, Pedro A. C. & Sturgess, Jason, 2024. "Securities lending and information acquisition," Discussion Papers 08/2024, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    2. Hanauer, Matthias X. & Lesnevski, Pavel & Smajlbegovic, Esad, 2023. "Surprise in short interest," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    3. Fricke, Daniel, 2021. "Synthetic leverage and fund risk-taking," Discussion Papers 09/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    4. Adams, John & Hayunga, Darren & Mansi, Sattar, 2022. "Index fund trading costs are inversely related to fund and family size," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    5. Chung, Kee H. & Lee, Choonsik, 2020. "Voting methods for director election, monitoring costs, and institutional ownership," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    6. Lukas Benz & Martin Rohleder & Janik Syryca & Marco Wilkens, 2019. "Shedding light on the exposure of mutual funds: Which investments drive mutual fund characteristics?," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(7), pages 534-551, December.
    7. Dong, Yunhe & Luo, Haoyi & Xu, Zijin & Yang, Xing, 2024. "Investing while lending: Do index funds improve managerial information disclosure?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    8. Cereda, Fábio Saia & Chague, Fernando & De-Losso, Rodrigo & Genaro, Alan & Giovannetti, Bruno Cara, 2020. "The effects of price transparency in OTC equity lending markets: Evidence from a loan fee benchmark," Textos para discussão 524, FGV EESP - Escola de Economia de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil).
    9. Cereda, Fábio & Chague, Fernando & De-Losso, Rodrigo & Genaro, Alan & Giovannetti, Bruno, 2022. "Price transparency in OTC equity lending markets: Evidence from a loan fee benchmark," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(1), pages 569-592.
    10. Guimaraes, Bernardo & Pannella, Pierluca, 2024. "Short-covering bubbles," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    11. Chang, Eric C. & Lin, Tse-Chun & Ma, Xiaorong, 2019. "Does short-selling threat discipline managers in mergers and acquisitions decisions?," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1).
    12. Mitsuru Katagiri & Junnosuke Shino & Koji Takahashi, 2023. "To lend or not to lend: the Bank of Japan's ETF purchase program and securities lending," BIS Working Papers 1113, Bank for International Settlements.
    13. Daniel Sales Casula & Rodrigo De-Losso, 2019. "Short Selling, the supply side: are lenders price makers?," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2019_53, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    14. Kou Maeda & Junnosuke Shino, 2019. "Stock Lending Market and the BOJ's ETF purchasing program: Micro-Evidence from ETF Balance Sheet Data and Equity Repo Trading Data," Working Papers 1811, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    15. Gregory Weitzner, 2023. "The Term Structure of Short Selling Costs," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 27(6), pages 2125-2161.
    16. Chung, Chune Young & DeVault, Luke & Wang, Kainan, 2019. "Perceived information, short interest, and institutional demand," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 22-38.
    17. Otero, Luis A. & Reboredo, Juan C., 2018. "The performance of precious-metal mutual funds: Does uncertainty matter?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 13-22.
    18. Connelly, Brian L. & Shi, Wei & Cheng, Xin & Yin, Cheng, 2021. "Short Sellers: A screening theory perspective on B2B relationships," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 393-404.
    19. Zalewska, Anna (Ania) & Zhang, Yue, 2020. "Mutual funds' exits, financial crisis and Darwin," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    20. Shi, Wei & King, David R. & Connelly, Brian L., 2021. "Closing the deal: Managerial response to short sellers following M&A announcement," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 188-199.
    21. Tongxia Li & Tze Chuan ‘Chewie’ Ang, 2022. "Corporate vote trading in Australia," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(S1), pages 1065-1105, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mutual funds; Index funds; Performance; Security lending;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

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