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Hours Constraints, Occupational Choice, and Gender: Evidence from Medical Residents

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  • Melanie Wasserman

Abstract

Do the long work hours required by many high-paying professions inhibit the entry of women? I investigate this question by studying a 2003 policy that capped the average workweek for medical residents at 80 hours. Using data on the universe of US medical school graduates, I find that when a specialty reduces its weekly hours, more women enter the specialty, whereas there is little change in men’s entry. I provide evidence that the increase in women is due to changes in labour supply, rather than labour demand. At the residency program level, I document that baseline female representation predicts female entry after the reform. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that the reallocation of women among medical specialties due to the hours reduction can close the physician gender wage gap by 11$\%$.

Suggested Citation

  • Melanie Wasserman, 2023. "Hours Constraints, Occupational Choice, and Gender: Evidence from Medical Residents," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 90(3), pages 1535-1568.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:restud:v:90:y:2023:i:3:p:1535-1568.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/restud/rdac042
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jena, Anupam B. & Slusky, David & Springer, Lilly, 2023. "Occupational Hazard? An Analysis of Birth Outcomes among Physician Mothers," IZA Discussion Papers 16655, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Chloe R. Gibbs & Jocelyn Wikle & Riley Wilson, 2024. "A Matter of Time? Measuring Effects of Public Schooling Expansions on Families’ Constraint," CESifo Working Paper Series 11200, CESifo.
    3. Ariel J. Binder & Amanda Eng & Kendall Houghton & Andrew Foote, 2024. "Is the Gender Pay Gap Largest at the Top?," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 114, pages 248-253, May.
    4. Amalia R. Miller & Ragan Petrie & Carmit Segal, 2024. "Effects of Workplace Competition on Work Time and Gender Inequality," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 77(2), pages 251-272, March.
    5. John Eric Humphries & Juanna Schrøter Joensen & Gregory F. Veramendi, 2024. "The Gender Wage Gap: Skills, Sorting, and Returns," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 114, pages 259-264, May.
    6. Okumura, Tsunao & Ueno, Yuko & Usui, Emiko, 2024. "Effects of mandatory residencies on female physicians’ specialty choices: Evidence from Japan's new medical residency program," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

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