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Gender differences in networking

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  • Friederike Mengel

Abstract

Gender differences in networking have been cited as an important reason behind gender earnings and promotion gaps. Despite this fact there is comparatively little evidence on whether such differences exist or what they look like. We conduct a series of experiments to gain insight into these questions. The experiments are designed to understand differences in the strategic use of networks, when both men and women have the same opportunities to network. While we do find evidence of gender earnings and promotion gaps in the lab, we do not find evidence of gender differences in network formation, except for the fact that men display more homophily than women. Women and men do, however, not systematically differ in terms of the number of links formed or received nor in terms of their centrality in the network. Earnings and promotion gaps appear partly because male decision makers are more likely to reward their (predominantly male) network neighbours with increased earnings as well as promotion.

Suggested Citation

  • Friederike Mengel, 2020. "Gender differences in networking," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 130(630), pages 1842-1873.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:econjl:v:130:y:2020:i:630:p:1842-1873.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/ej/ueaa035
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    Cited by:

    1. Ductor, Lorenzo & Prummer, Anja, 2024. "Gender homophily, collaboration, and output," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 477-492.
    2. Friebel, Guido & Lalanne, Marie & Richter, Bernard & Schwardmann, Peter & Seabright, Paul, 2021. "Gender differences in social interactions," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 33-45.
    3. Maria Marchenko & Hendrik Sonnabend, 2022. "Artists' labour market and gender: Evidence from German visual artists," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(3), pages 456-471, August.
    4. Buhai, I. Sebastian & van der Leij, Marco J., 2023. "A Social Network Analysis of Occupational Segregation," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    5. Aksoy, Billur & Chadd, Ian & Koh, Boon Han, 2023. "Sexual identity, gender, and anticipated discrimination in prosocial behavior," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    6. Billur Aksoy & Ian Chadd & Boon Han Koh, 2022. "(Anticipated) Discrimination against Sexual Minorities in Prosocial Domains," University of East Anglia School of Economics Working Paper Series 2021-08, School of Economics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
    7. Clacher, Iain & Garcia Osma, Beatriz & Scarlat, Elvira & Shields, Karin, 2021. "Do commonalities facilitate private information channels? Evidence from common gender and insider trading," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    8. Sule Alan & Gozde Corekcioglu & Mustafa Kaba & Matthias Sutter, 2023. "Female Leadership and Workplace Climate," ECONtribute Policy Brief Series 057, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    9. Nieto, Adrián, 2021. "Native-immigrant differences in the effect of children on the gender pay gap," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 654-680.
    10. Elena Ashtari Tafti & Mimosa Distefano & Tetyana Surovtseva, 2024. "Gender, careers and peers' gender mix," CEP Discussion Papers dp2008, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    11. Mackenzie Alston, 2023. "Eliminating discrimination in hiring isn’t enough," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 508-508, May.
    12. Raja Kali & David Pastoriza & Jean-François Plante & Ekaterina Turkina, 2024. "Migrants Networks and Survival in the Job: Evidence from Foreign Newcomers on the PGA Tour," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 25(4), pages 443-471, May.
    13. Ajayi,Kehinde & Das,Smita & Delavallade,Clara Anne & Ketema,Tigist Assefa & Rouanet,Lea Marie, 2022. "Gender Differences in Socio-Emotional Skills and Economic Outcomes : New Evidencefrom 17 African Countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10197, The World Bank.
    14. Fumagalli, Elena & Fumagalli, Laura, 2022. "Subjective well-being and the gender composition of the reference group: Evidence from a survey experiment," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 196-219.
    15. Friederike Mengel, 2021. "Gender Bias In Opinion Aggregation," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 62(3), pages 1055-1080, August.
    16. Siobhán M. Mattison & Neil G. MacLaren & Ruizhe Liu & Adam Z. Reynolds & Gabrielle D. Baca & Peter M. Mattison & Meng Zhang & Chun-Yi Sum & Mary K. Shenk & Tami Blumenfield & Christopher von Rueden & , 2021. "Gender Differences in Social Networks Based on Prevailing Kinship Norms in the Mosuo of China," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-19, July.
    17. Demir, Gökay & Sandner, Malte & Hertweck, Friederike & Yükselen, Ipek, 2023. "Students' Coworker Networks and Labor Market Entry," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277580, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.

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