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How demographic processes shape animal social networks

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  • Daizaburo Shizuka
  • Allison E Johnson
  • Leigh Simmons

Abstract

Demographic processes play a key role in shaping the patterns of social relations among individuals in a population. Social network analysis is a powerful quantitative tool for assessing the social structure formed by associations between individuals. However, demographic processes are rarely accounted for in such analyses. Here, we summarize how the structure of animal social networks is shaped by the joint effects of social behavior and turnover of individuals and suggest how a deeper understanding of these processes can open new, exciting avenues for research. Death or dispersal can have the direct effect of removing an individual and all its social connections, and can also have indirect effects, spurring changes in the distribution of social connections between remaining individuals. Recruitment and integration of juveniles and immigrant into existing social networks are critical to the emergence and persistence of social network structure. Together, these behavioral responses to loss and gain of social partners may impact how societies respond to seasonal or catastrophic turnover events. The fitness consequences of social position (e.g., survival and reproductive rates) may also create feedback between the social network structure and demography. Understanding how social structure changes in response to turnover of individuals requires further integration between long-term field studies and network modeling methods. These efforts will likely yield new insights into the connections between social networks and life history, ecological change, and evolutionary dynamics. Lay Summary Births, deaths, and dispersal fundamentally shape societies. We consider how demography and behavior together generate complexity in social networks. For example, how do loss of partners affect behavior? How do new individuals integrate into a society? Considering such questions can lead to new links between social network theory, life history, ecological resilience, and evolutionary dynamics.

Suggested Citation

  • Daizaburo Shizuka & Allison E Johnson & Leigh Simmons, 2020. "How demographic processes shape animal social networks," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 31(1), pages 1-11.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:beheco:v:31:y:2020:i:1:p:1-11.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/beheco/arz083
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Rebecca Rooke & Joshua J. Krupp & Amara Rasool & Mireille Golemiec & Megan Stewart & Jonathan Schneider & Joel D. Levine, 2024. "The gene “degrees of kevin bacon” (dokb) regulates a social network behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Yuan Yi & Fang He & Yuxuan Si, 2023. "Spatial Effects of Railway Network Construction on Urban Sprawl and Its Mechanisms: Evidence from Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Adriana A Maldonado-Chaparro & Damien R Farine & Leigh Simmons, 2020. "Demographic processes in animal networks are a question of time: a comment on Shizuka and Johnson," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 31(1), pages 12-13.
    4. Daizaburo Shizuka & Allison E Johnson & Leigh Simmons, 2020. "The long view on demographic effects on social networks: a response to comments on Shizuka and Johnson," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 31(1), pages 19-20.
    5. Quinn M. R. Webber & Michel P. Laforge & Maegwin Bonar & Eric Vander Wal, 2024. "The adaptive value of density-dependent habitat specialization and social network centrality," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Ipek G Kulahci & Leigh Simmons, 2020. "Individual differences can affect how networks respond to demography: a comment on Shizuka and Johnson," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 31(1), pages 15-16.
    7. Amiyaal Ilany & Leigh Simmons, 2020. "Complex societies, simple processes: a comment on Shizuka and Johnson," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 31(1), pages 13-13.
    8. Orr Spiegel & Noa Pinter-Wollman & Leigh Simmons, 2020. "Placing the effects of demography on networks in ecological context: a comment on Shizuka and Johnson," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 31(1), pages 14-15.

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